16 Flashcards
what does the upper airways consist of
nasal cavity
oral cavity
larynx
gateway entre upper and lower airway
larynx
what does the upper airways consist of
TRACHEA bronchi lungs
functions of nasal cavity
Warms and humidifies inspired air
Removes and traps pathogens from inspired air
Sense of smell
Drains paranasal sinuses and lacrimal ducts
nerve that governs smell
olfactory nerve
what tissue is septum and lateral walls
cartilage
bone in floor of nasal cavity
maxilla
what are the bone structures that are from the epthymoid bone
superior concha and middle concha
what structures are under the concha
meatus (superior middle and inferior meatus)
meatus function
gap to allow air to travel when you inhale exhale
concha function
swirl up air as it passes through cavity so more time to trap pathogens and warm air and add SA to nasal cavity
what happens in a cold
meatus becomes smaller blocked nose sensation
how many Paris of paranasal sinuses and where are they found
4 Frontal sinuses ethmoid sinuses sphenoid sinuses maxillary sinuses
function of sinus
- reduce weight of skull
- Vocal resonance
- Crumple zone
types of oral cavities
oral vestibule (between lips and cheeks) oral cavity proper (behind the teeth)
Function of mouth
Ingestion
Digestion
Communication
Respiration
border of mouth cavity
Roof – hard palate (maxilla + palatine) anteriorly, muscular soft palate posteriorly
Floor – muscular with scaffolding from mandible
Lateral – mandible posteriorly, buccal muscle anteriorly
what tissue is tongue made of
muscle
what happens to uvula in tonsillitis
deviates
3 parts in pharynx
nasopharynx (pharyngeal tonsil, opening of pharyngotympanic tube, uvula)
oropharynx (palatine tonsil)
layngopharynx (everything below superior epiglottis and above circoid cartilage)
what kinds of muscles make up pharynx
circular
longitudinal
Eustachian tube connects
middle ear to nasopharynx
role of Eustachian tube
drain middle ear
produces mucous
equalise pressure entre middle ear and nasopharynx
what happens if Eustachian tube is blocked as a result of upper respiratory tract infection
accumulation of fluid in middle ear –> ear blocked feeling
how many pairs of tonsils do we have and what are their names
4 tubal tonsil pharyngeal palatine lingual
what’s waldeyers ring
describes circle of lymphoid tissue in upper airway
larynx function
Responsible for phonation and protection of lower airway
at what vertebrae level does the larynx sit
c3-c6
how many cartilages make up the larynx
9
Three unpaired – Epiglottis, Thyroid and Cricoid
Three paired – Arytenoid, Corniculate and Cuneiform (Anterior to Corniculate)
where are vocal cords located
larynx
role of epiglottis
flops down to protect lower airway
specificity of circoid cartilage
only cartilage to form complete ring around airway
on what cartilage do vocal cords attach
arytenoid cartilage
which larynx muscle produce sound
intrinsic muscles of larynx
which larynx muscle changes pitch of sound
circothyroid muscle
what two nerves supply neuronal innervation of larynx
superior laryngeal and recurrent laryngeal, two branches of vagus
what parts of larynx does recurrent laryngeal innervate
motor to ALL intrinsic muscles except circothyroid
sensory to area below vocal cords
responsible for phonation
what parts of larynx does superior laryngeal innervate
internal laryngeal:
sensory to area above vocal cords
external laryngeal:
motor to circothyroid muscle
responsible for PITCH
which nerve innervates circothyroid muscle
external branch of superior laryngeal
result from damage to recurrent laryngeal
caused by lung tumour for example…
you get vocal cord paralysis on affected side –> horse voice and dysphonia
stridor if both sides are affected
result from damage to exterior laryngeal
due to thryoidectomy
paralysis leads to low pitch voice and reduced range
which artery supplies most of exterior head and neck
external carotid artery
which arteries branch from the external carotid artery
Superior thyroid artery Ascending pharyngeal artery Lingual artery Facial artery (lower face) Occipital artery Posterior auricular artery Maxillary artery Superficial temporal artery
“Some Anatomists Like Freaking Out Poor Medical Students”
what’s littles area and what four arteries anastomose there
where 80% of nosebleeds happen
very vascularised
merging of
septal branch of anterior ethmoidal artery
septal branch of sphenopalatine
terminal part of greater palatine artery
septal branch from nasal artery from superior labial artery
tube you put in anesthesized ppl
endotracheal intubation
surgical emergency airway
Cricothyroidotomy
