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Anatomy > 3B.1 SHOULDER > Flashcards

3B.1 SHOULDER Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the arterial supply start from?

A

brachiocephalic trunk (Right side)

left subclavian artery (Left side)

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2
Q

What is the order of the arterial blood supply

A

Subclavian artery
Brachiocephalic trunk
Axillary artery
Brachial artery
Ulnar artery
Radial artery
Palmar arches

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3
Q

What are the 2 palmar arches?

A

In the hands

  • Superficial Palmar arch (Ulnar to Radial)
  • Deep palmar arch
    (radial to ulnar)

Anastomosis

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4
Q

What does anastomosis mean?

A

two vessels supplying the same area

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5
Q

Venous supply (superficial)

A

-Superficial palmar venous arch

  • Median basilic vein & median ante-brachial vein

-Cephalic vein (to subclavian vein)

-Median cubital vein

-Basilic vein (to brachial vein

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6
Q

Venous supply (Deep)

A

-palmar digital veins
-deep palmar venous arch
-ulnar vein
-radial vein
- anterior inter-osseous vein
- brachial vein
- axillary vein
- subclavian vein

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7
Q

What are the 3 scapula boarders?

A

Superior Boarder
Lateral Boarder
Medial Boarder

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8
Q

What are the 3 types of scapular fossae?

A

-Subscapular fossae (pinched between your scapula and your ribcage)

-Supraspinous fossa (above the spine)

  • Infraspinous fossa (right below the spine)
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9
Q

Key points of the scapula (besides main 3 fossae)

A
  • acromion (process at posterior aspect of the scapula)
  • coracoid (process on the anterior aspect)
  • scapular notch at the superior border
  • spine of the scapula and the glenoid fossa (important for articulation at the shoulder or the glenohumeral joint)
  • supraglenoid tubercle (key muscle attachment point)
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10
Q

What the features of the clavicle?

A
  • s shaped bone
  • concave and convex ends
    -concave end articulates with the sternum (sternal articular surface
  • Convex end articulates with the acromion of the scapula.
  • Tubercle is where the attachment site of the costoclavicular ligament
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11
Q

what are the bones of the pectoral girdle?

A

-clavicle
- acromion of the scapula
- coracoid process at the anterior aspect and glenoid fossa
- sternum
- spine of scapula posteriorly

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12
Q

What are the 4 main joints of the shoulder?

A
  • sternoclavicular
  • acromioclavicular
    -glenohumeral
    -scapulothoracic
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13
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

A
  • joint between sternum and clavicle
  • consists of 3 ligaments:
    >ant. sternoclavicular (secure head of the clavicle into the sternum)
    > costal clavicular (clavicle to the first rib)
    > interclavicular (betwn 2 clavicles)
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14
Q

Acromioclavicular joint

A
  • exists between the acromion and the clavicle
  • key ligaments:
    > coracoacromial
    > acromioclavicular
    > coracoclavicular
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15
Q

what is shoulder separation?

A

separation of acromioclavicular + sternoclavicular joints

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16
Q

what are the different grades of shoulder separation?

A

g1: stretching of AC lig
g2: rupture of AC lig, stretching of CC lig
g3: rupture of AC + CC ligs

17
Q

glenohumeral joint

A
  • most important
  • is the articulation between head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa of the scapula.
  • ball and socket joint
  • glenohumeral ligs important to stability
  • long head of biceps also crosses joint which provides stability
18
Q

Glenohumeral joint (ligaments)

A

-thickenings of the joint capsule, primarily anteriorly, superiorly and inferiorly

  • coracohumeral
  • superior glenohumeral
  • middle glenohumeral
  • inferior glenohumeral
19
Q

what is the glenoid labrum and what does it do?

A

-it is a thickening of fibrocartilage around the glenoid fossa

-it deepens the socket for better contact with the humeral head

  • may be torn with dislocations
20
Q

Shoulder dislocation

A
  • occurs at the glenohumeral joint
  • dislocates in multiple ways but most common are inferiorly and superiorly
21
Q

scapulothoracic joint

A
  • not a real joint
  • allows for movement between the scapula + thoracic cage which is critical for arm abduction
22
Q

scapulohumeral rhythm

A
  • arm abduction requires movement at 2 joint:
  • <30 abduction, just glenohumeral jt
  • > 30 = GH jt + scapulothoracic jt
  • 2:1, GH to ST
23
Q

What is the axilla

A
  • fat-filled space in the armpit
  • provides passageway for blood vessels and nerves
  • contains axillary lymph nodes
  • has 4 borders:
    anterior, medial, posterior, lateral
    -specifically allows for transmission of nerves of brachial plexus, arteries and veins
24
Q

Saturday night palsy

A

brachial plexus nerve compression leading to wrist drop and sensory loss on posterior arm

  • radial nerve compression
25
Q

what are the 4 categories of muscles acting on the shoulder

A

superficial layer (extrinsic back)
deep layer (rotator cuff)
pectoral
brachium

26
Q

superficial layer

A
  • trapezius (accessory nerve)
    > scapular elevation, depression + retraction
  • Latissimus dorsi (thoracodorsal nerve)
    > extend, adduct + medially rotate humerus
  • rhomboids (dorsal scapular nerve)
    > retract scapula, rotate glenoid cavity inferiorly

Teres Major (Lower subscapular nerve)
> adduct + medially rotate arm

27
Q

Deep layer

A
  • supraspinatus (suprascapular nerve)
    > Initiate & assist with arm abduction
  • Infraspinatus (suprascapular nerve)
    > Laterally rotate arm
  • Teres minor (axillary nerve)
    > laterally rotate arm
  • subscapularis (upper & lower subscapular nerves)
    > medially rotate arm

SITS

28
Q

pectoral

A
  • pectoralis major (lat. + med pectoral nerves)
    > arm flexion + adduction
  • pectoralis minor (medial pectoral nerve)
    > scapular protraction
  • Serratus Anterior (long thoracic nerve)
    > Rotate + protract scapula
29
Q

What is a winged scapula?

A
  • when intact pectoralis minor pulls coracoid forward
  • inactive serratus anterior allows medial boarder of the scapula to move backwards
30
Q

Brachium (deltoid for now)

A
  • deltoid (axillary nerve)
    > flexion, extension, abduction

Anatomy (14 decks)

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