1B.1: JOINT CLASSIFICATIONS, RANGE OF MOTION & STABILITY

Question 1

What are the 3 classifications of joints?

Answer 1

-Fibrous
- Cartilaginous
- Synovial

Question 2

What do joints do?

Answer 2

Articulating Bones
Limited movement
-Depends upon length of fibers

Question 3

what joint has the following traits: Articulating bones united by hyaline or fibrocartilage,
Primary= synchondroses, early -life bone development, Secondary = symphsyes
- String, slightly moveable joints, united by fibrocartilage

Answer 3

Cartilaginous

Question 4

What joint has the following traits:
-Articular surfaces = hyaline cartilage
-free movement between articulating bones
- Joint capsule lined by synovial membrane contains synovial fluid
- Reinforced by ligaments + special structural elements
> discs, menisci
- 6 joint classes

Answer 4

synovial

Question 5

what are the 6 types of synovial joints

Answer 5

Saddle
Ball and socket
Condyloid
Pivot
Hinge
Plane

Question 6

Stability vs Range of Motion

Answer 6

1. Shape and arrangement of articulating surfaces
   - e.g. glenoid fossa (scapula) vs. trochlear notch (ulna)
   - extra structures (menisci,discs)
2. Ligaments crossing the joint
   - more + tighter ligaments = more stability
3. Tone of surrounding muscles
   - think about atrophy, aging and injury

Question 7

what type of joint has the following characteristics:
-Multi-axial, synovial joint
-high mobility, low stability
-labrum (band of fibrocartilage) improves joint contacts

Answer 7

Ball & Socket Joints
(Shoulder + Hip)

Question 8

What type of joint has the following characteristics:
- uniaxial joint*
- more stability, less range of motion
- simple joint = elbow
- complex joint = knee

Answer 8

Hinge joints

Question 9

What the 5 things synovial joints are made from?

Answer 9

Bones
Ligaments + capsule
tendons/muscles
intra-articular structures
Bursae

Question 10

Joint injury: sprains

Answer 10

• Ligaments are connective tissue structures which bind bones together
• Non contractile tissue
  damage occurs when forces exerted exceed their strength
• Bones do not dislocate, but ligaments are torn

G1: stretching or slight ligament tearing with mild tenderness, swelling & stiffness

G2: Incomplete tear with moderate pian, swelling & bruising

G3: complete tear of ligaments with severe swelling, bruising + instability

Treatment: PRICE
- protection, rest, ice, compression, elevation

Question 11

Intra-articular structures

Answer 11

Extracapsular ligaments
- reinforce capsule

Intracapsular ligaments
- within a joint, but excluded from synovial cavity

Articular Discs
- absorb shock
- better fit between bony surfaces
-distribute weight

Question 12

what are the characteristics of the Labrum Intra-articular structures

Answer 12

• Common in ball & socket joints
• fibrocartilaginous lip extending from the edge f a joint to deepen the socket + improve bony contacts

Question 13

Joint Injury: Bursitis

Answer 13

• Bursas are fluid filled sacs that reduce friction between moving parts
• Fibrous capsule lined with synovial fluid
  sometimes continuous with synovial joint capsules
• Chronic inflammation of a bursa = bursitis typically caused by:
  > irritation from repeated excessive exertion of joint
  > trauma
  > acute chronic infection
  > rheumatoid arthritis