2A.2 THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

The brain overall structure

A
  • 2 large cerebral hemispheres overlie the brainstem
    > Hemispheres divided by LONGITUDINAL FISSURE
    > communicate via the CORPUS CALLOSUM
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2
Q

what are the 5 lobes of the brain

A

Parietal
Occipital
Frontal
Insula
Temporal

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3
Q

which lobe is responsible for the following:
- Behaviour & Emotional Control
- Personality
- Problem Solving (reasoning &
judgement)
- Voluntary Motor Activity
- Pre-Central gyrus
- Broca’s Area
- If damaged, difficulty producing
language

A

Frontal

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4
Q

Which brain lobe has the following:
- Integrates sensory information
* Processing and perception of:
* Touch
* Pain
* Proprioception
* Post-Central Gyrus
* Sensory reception (touch)
* Perception of Language
* Wernicke’s Area
* If damaged, difficulty
understanding speech

A

Parietal lobe

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5
Q

which brain lobe has the following:
- Auditory information processing
- Processes Language
> Semantics and Naming
- Processes Smell

A

Temporal Lobe

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6
Q

Which brain lobe has the following:
- Receives and process visual information

A

Occipital Lobe

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7
Q

What does the Diencephalon contain?

A

Thalamus
- Gatekeeper for sensory information

Hypothalamus
- Maintain homeostasis

Pituitary Gland
- Secrete hormones

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8
Q

What does the brainstem contain??

A

Midbrain
- connect brainstem to cortex

Pons
- Connect cerebrum to cerebellum + medulla
- Transmit sensory information to brain from periphery

Medulla Oblongata
- Continuous with Spinal Cord
> Pyramid (center)
> Olive (lateral)

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9
Q

What part of the brain does the following:
* Coordination of voluntary
movement
* Controls balance and
equilibrium
* Integrates proposed movement
with current body position
* Monitors and makes
adjustments to correct motor
plan

A

Cerebellum

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10
Q

What does the spinal cord consist of?

A

White matter

Grey matter

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11
Q

White matter

A
  • Periphery
  • Longitudinal Tracts of Axons
    > Sensory (to brain)
    > Motor (from brain)
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12
Q

Grey matter

A
  • Central “H”
    -Contains
    > Neuron Cell bodies
    > Glial Cell Bodies
  • Dorsal Horn = Sensory
  • Ventral Horn = Motor
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13
Q

What are Ventricles?

A

Large fluid (CSF) filled cavities in the brain

also, produce CSF which surrounds brain and spinal cord within the subarachnoid space

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14
Q

What are the parts of the ventricles?

A

3 parts:
- Lateral ventricle(x2)
> anterior, inferior and posterior horns

3rd ventricle
>interventricular foramen, cerebral aqueduct

4th ventricle
>continuous with central canal of SC

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15
Q

What are the Brain/Spinal Cord Meninges (wrappings)

A
  • Dura Mater (blue banana
  • Arachnoid Mater (Green spider)
  • Pia Mater (red spray paint)
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16
Q

What is the purpose of the Brain/Spinal Cord Meninges?

A
  • Supportive framework for vasculature
  • Protect CNS from mechanical damage
    > Along CSF (Sub arachnoid space)
17
Q

what is the order of the brain/spinal cord meninges from exterior to interior

A

Epidural space (A)
Dura Mater
Subdural space (V)
Arachnoid Mater
Sub Arachnoid spaces (CSF)
Pia Mater

18
Q

Characteristics of the Dura Mater

A
  • has 2 layers (periosteal/endosteal + meningeal layers)
  • the dural sinuses separate the periosteal + meningeal dura layers
  • and the dural folds/septa consist of the meningeal dura

(specifically the Falx cerebri, Tentorium cerebelli & Falx cerebelli)

19
Q

what are extracerebral hemorrages?

A

occur between skull and brain

  • increases intracranial pressure + blood = damage