2A.2 THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Question 1

The brain overall structure

Answer 1

• 2 large cerebral hemispheres overlie the brainstem
  > Hemispheres divided by LONGITUDINAL FISSURE
  > communicate via the CORPUS CALLOSUM

Question 2

what are the 5 lobes of the brain

Answer 2

Parietal
Occipital
Frontal
Insula
Temporal

Question 3

which lobe is responsible for the following:
- Behaviour & Emotional Control
- Personality
- Problem Solving (reasoning &
judgement)
- Voluntary Motor Activity
- Pre-Central gyrus
- Broca’s Area
- If damaged, difficulty producing
language

Answer 3

Frontal

Question 4

Which brain lobe has the following:
- Integrates sensory information
* Processing and perception of:
* Touch
* Pain
* Proprioception
* Post-Central Gyrus
* Sensory reception (touch)
* Perception of Language
* Wernicke’s Area
* If damaged, difficulty
understanding speech

Answer 4

Parietal lobe

Question 5

which brain lobe has the following:
- Auditory information processing
- Processes Language
> Semantics and Naming
- Processes Smell

Answer 5

Temporal Lobe

Question 6

Which brain lobe has the following:
- Receives and process visual information

Answer 6

Occipital Lobe

Question 7

What does the Diencephalon contain?

Answer 7

Thalamus
- Gatekeeper for sensory information

Hypothalamus
- Maintain homeostasis

Pituitary Gland
- Secrete hormones

Question 8

What does the brainstem contain??

Answer 8

Midbrain
- connect brainstem to cortex

Pons
- Connect cerebrum to cerebellum + medulla
- Transmit sensory information to brain from periphery

Medulla Oblongata
- Continuous with Spinal Cord
> Pyramid (center)
> Olive (lateral)

Question 9

What part of the brain does the following:
* Coordination of voluntary
movement
* Controls balance and
equilibrium
* Integrates proposed movement
with current body position
* Monitors and makes
adjustments to correct motor
plan

Answer 9

Cerebellum

Question 10

What does the spinal cord consist of?

Answer 10

White matter

Grey matter

Question 11

White matter

Answer 11

• Periphery
• Longitudinal Tracts of Axons
  > Sensory (to brain)
  > Motor (from brain)

Question 12

Grey matter

Answer 12

• Central “H”
  -Contains
  > Neuron Cell bodies
  > Glial Cell Bodies
• Dorsal Horn = Sensory
• Ventral Horn = Motor

Question 13

What are Ventricles?

Answer 13

Large fluid (CSF) filled cavities in the brain

also, produce CSF which surrounds brain and spinal cord within the subarachnoid space

Question 14

What are the parts of the ventricles?

Answer 14

3 parts:
- Lateral ventricle(x2)
> anterior, inferior and posterior horns

3rd ventricle
>interventricular foramen, cerebral aqueduct

4th ventricle
>continuous with central canal of SC

Question 15

What are the Brain/Spinal Cord Meninges (wrappings)

Answer 15

• Dura Mater (blue banana
• Arachnoid Mater (Green spider)
• Pia Mater (red spray paint)

Question 16

What is the purpose of the Brain/Spinal Cord Meninges?

Answer 16

• Supportive framework for vasculature
• Protect CNS from mechanical damage
  > Along CSF (Sub arachnoid space)

Question 17

what is the order of the brain/spinal cord meninges from exterior to interior

Answer 17

Epidural space (A)
Dura Mater
Subdural space (V)
Arachnoid Mater
Sub Arachnoid spaces (CSF)
Pia Mater

Question 18

Characteristics of the Dura Mater

Answer 18

• has 2 layers (periosteal/endosteal + meningeal layers)
• the dural sinuses separate the periosteal + meningeal dura layers
• and the dural folds/septa consist of the meningeal dura

(specifically the Falx cerebri, Tentorium cerebelli & Falx cerebelli)

Question 19

what are extracerebral hemorrages?

Answer 19

occur between skull and brain

• increases intracranial pressure + blood = damage