1A: Intro to anatomy: 1A.3 Axial skeleton Flashcards
what does the axial skeleton consist of?
-skull
-mandible
-sternum
-ribs (costa)
-vertebrae
-cervical(7)
-thoracic(12)
-lumbar(5)
-sacrum+coccyx
what are the 5 neurocranium bones?
Frontal
occipital
parietal
sphenoid
temporal
what are the 9 viscerocranium (facial) bones
Ethmoid
inferior nasal concha
lacrimal
zygomatic
vomer
mandible
maxilla
nasal
palatine
What are the 4 sutures in the skull?
coronal
sagittal
lambdoid
squamoid
What are the 4 types of Fontanelles?
Anterior fontanel
Posterior fontanel
Posterolateral fontanel
Anterolateral fontanel
The spine
24 vertebrae
- 7 cervical
- 12 thoracic
- 5 lumbar
1 sacrum
- 5 fused vertebrae
1 coccyx
what type of spine curve does a newborn have?
kyphotic (1 curve)
What type of curve does a adult spinal column have?
4
- cervical lordosis
- thoracic kyphosis
- lumbar lordosis
- sacral kyphosis
what are the 3 abnormal curves of the spine
- scoliosis (left to right)
- kyphosis (pronounced curve in thoracic)
- Lordosis (pronounced curve in lumbar)
surface anatomy (spine)
- c7 spinous process(vertebra prominens)
- cervicothoracic junction
- t3 spinous process
scapular spine - t7 spinous process
- inferior angle of scapula
-t12 spinous process
-12th rib
-L4 spinous process
-Iliac crest
-posterior superior illac spine
-s2 spinous process
General vertebral anatomy
-spine hands
-lamina forearm
-pedicle arm
-body body
transverse Pr.elbow
arms bent with hands touching head
cervical spine
-7 vertebra
-lordosis (rounded part of curve is in front of body)
key features
- bifid spinous pr.
- transverse foramen
- c1 (atlas)
no body or spine
-c2 (axis)
Dens
SHAKING HEAD NO ARTICULATES BETWEEN C1 AND C2
Vertebral artery
- passes through transverse foramen
- part of circle of willis
-blood supply to brain
Thoracic spine
- kyphosis (rounded part is at the back)
- 12 vertebra
- key features:
giraffe shaped spines
heart shaped bodies
costal facets
Lumbar spine
- lordosis (rounded part of body is in front of body)
- 5 vertebra
- key features:
squat, thick bodies
moose shaped spines
Osteoporosis
- Imbalance between bone formation (osteoblast) + breakdown (osteoclast) activity
- symptoms:
back pain
compression fractures
sacrum+coccyx
- kyphosis (rounded part is in the back)
- 5 fused vertebra
- key features:
promontory
auricular surface
sacral canal + hiatus
coccyx (3-5 fused vertebrae)
what are the anterior characteristics of the longitudinal ligaments
- anterior of vertebral bodies
- broad fibrous band
- occipital bone to sacrum
what are the posterior characteristics of the longitudinal ligaments
- posterior of vertebral bodies
- narrow fibrous band
- within vertebral canal
Longitudinal ligaments location
-Supraspinous ligament
on top of spinous processes
- interspinous ligament
between spinous processes
-ligamentum flavum
between lamina processes
what are the 6 joints of the spine?
- Atlanto-occipital Jt
- Lateral Atlantoaxial Jt
*Medial jt not seen here - Zygapophyseal Jt
-Intervertebral Jt
-*Costovertebral Jts.
what spine joint are synovial joints between superior articular facets of atlas + occipital condyles of skull and allow for nodding (flexion/extension)?
Atlanto-occipital Joints
What spine joint has 1 medial joint between atlas and axis, 2 lateral joints, is similar to zygapophyseal joints and facilitates movement of the head?
Atlanto-axial joints
what type of spine joint is a plane has synovial joints between articular processes of adjacent vertebrae, stabilizes the column and has innervation at the dorsal rami
zygapophyseal (facet) joints
what type of spine joint has fibrocartilaginous joints, is found between vertebral bodies + intervertebral discs, and is not between c1 & c2 (c1 has no body)
Intervertebral joints
Characteristics of the thoracic cage
12 ribs (x2)
7 true
3 false
2 floating
costal cartilage
sternum
manubrium (top of sternum)
body
xyphoid process (end of sternum)
thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12)
designed to protect vital organs
