3B. The Female Reproductive System Flashcards
functions of the female reproductive system
- oogenesis
- hormone production
- fertilization
- gestation
paired organs located in the pelvic cavity
ovary
the process of egg formation, beginning before birth; primitive egg cells (oogonia) multiply
oogenesis
the supportive process, where cells around the egg mature, culminating in ovulation, and the release of an egg
follicular development
development of secondary sexual characteristics, regulation of the menstrual cycle
estrogen
prepares the uterus for implantation, maintains pregnancy
progesterone
paired tubes extending from the ovaries to the uterus
fallopian tube
transport of the egg from the ovary to the uterus; site of fertilization; provide a nourishing environment for the fertilized egg
fallopian tube
where fetal development
occurs and has three layers
uterus
three layers of the uterus
- perimetrium
- myometrium
- endometrium
occurs when an embryo attaches to the endometrial lining, starting placental formation
implantation
lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina, acting as a passage for menstrual flow, sperm, and childbirth
cervix
larger upper part of the uterus where a fertilized egg implants and fetal development occurs
main body
located at the base of the uterus; produces mucus that aids fertilization
cervix
TRUEOR FALSE: fertilization and implantation must happen within a precise timeframe for pregnancy to occur
true
when endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, causing pain and complications
endometriosis
when an embryo implants outside the uterus
ectopic pregnancy
heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding caused by hormonal imbalances or uterine conditions
excessive bleeding
abnormal cell growth that can be life-threatening if not treated
uterine or ovarian cancer
non-cancerous growths in the uterus that cause pain and heavy bleeding
fibroids
when the uterus shifts downward, leading to discomfort and organ displacement
uterine prolapse
connects the uterus with the external environment; 10 cm long tube filled with mucus membrane
vagina
vaginal cells have a large store of ___, which is broken down to be used by lactobacillus to produce lactic acid
glycogen
TRUE OR FALSE: high pH is the desired environment for the vagina
false (low pH)
external genitalia of the female
vulva
most sensitive are of the vulva; homologous to the glans penis in males
clitoris
modified sweat glands located above the pectoralis major muscle; supported by ligaments and are protected by a layer of adipose tissue
mammary glands
produced in the lobules of the gland, stored in the lactiferous sinuses, and passed out of the breast via lactiferous ducts
milk
breasts swell in response to this hormone
prolactin (PRL)
begins a series of wave-like muscle contractions and intense pleasurable feeling which ends the plateau
orgasm
TRUE OR FALSE: females do not require refractory period
true
