2D. The Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands Flashcards
secretes two structurally similar hormones, T3 and T4
thyroid gland
these hormones are involved in basal metabolic rate and help determine how quickly and efficiently you use energy
T3 and T4
responsible for the cellular conversion of glucose to ATP
thyroxin (T4)
TRUE OR FALSE: higher T4 production increases basal metabolic rate (more work done = more heat produced = more energy expended)
true
also called underactive thyroid; occurs when the thyroid secretes too little T3 and T4
hypothyroidism
occurs from birth and can lead to mental retardation and stunted bone growth unless treated immediately
congenital hypothyroidism
results when the thyroid works normally at birth but fails to secrete enough hormones in adult life
myxedema
opposite of hypothyroidism; he oversecretion of thyroid hormones
hyperthyroidism
metabolic rate in hyperthyroidism
60 to 100% above normal
fluid buildup behind the eyes, may cause the eyes to “pop” from their sockets and make the whites of the eyes visible all around the iris
exophthalmos
another common hyperthyroid disease, again occurs more often in females than in males; may be treated with surgical removal of part of the thyroid or the application of radioactive iodine to the thyroid
grave’s disease
T3 and T4 require ___ and ___ atoms of iodine respectively, to complete their production
three, four
the continual production of TSH causes the thyroid to enlarge enough to appear visible on the surface of the larynx
goiter
consists of two lobes lying against the trachea
thyroid gland
TRUE OR FALSE: the parathyroid has four sections and can be hard to distinguish from the thyroid
true
a key regulator of blood calcium levels, working indirectly by stimulating the kidneys to activate vitamin D
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
