3A. The Male Reproductive System Flashcards
produces hormones and regulates fertility, menstruation, and sexual function, as well as pregnancy and childbirth
female reproductive system
responsible for sexual function and urination and produce sperm, store it, and deliver it to the female reproductive system
male reproductive system
essentially one long tube, with sperm generated in the gonads at one end, matured along the route, and released from the body at the other
male reproductive system
viable sperm can only be produced at temperatures ___ below normal body temperature
2° to 3°C
move the testes to regulate their temperature
scrotal sac
protrusion of internal organs through the wall of the cavity that usually contains them
hernia
hidden orchid, undescended testes, sterile if both testes remain in the body cavity; absence of at least 1 testicle from the scrotum
cryptorchidism
hormone involved in making an adolescent male into a fully reproductive adult male
testosterone
two types of cell within the seminiferous tubules
- spermatogenic cells
- sertoli cells
cell involved in the process of spermatogenesis
spermatogenic cells
support system within the seminiferous tubules
sertoli cells
immature germ or stem cells
spermatogonia
final product of spermatogenesis (or the mature cell) that takes 65 to 75 days
spermatozoon (or spermatozoa)
overall process of spermatogenesis
- spermatogonia
- sertoli cell
- mitosis
- meiosis
- spermiogenesis
- formation spermatozoa
sperm head that contains digestive enzymes to allow to “drill” that allows the sperm to enter the egg by digesting the egg membrane
acrosome
carries its genetic material in its oval head
nucleus
contain centrioles; involved in the first cell division after fertilization
neck
produce the ATP needed to reach the egg
mitochondria
longest section of the sperm tail and help to sperm to move forward
principal piece
help the sperm to navigate
end piece
after the sperm is produced in the seminiferous tubules, how can it be transported from the male to the female?
through a series of ducts
the male reproductive cells produced in the testes
sperm
the fluid that contains and transports sperm; is formed as the sperm traverses these ducts
semen
the tube-like structures that transport fluids
ducts
create a fluid that fills the seminiferous tubule lumen to help the spermatozoa move along to the rete testis
sertoli cells
sperm enters the ___, where it matures over 10–14 days to gain mobility and fertilization ability
epididymis
when ejaculation occurs, smooth muscle contractions push sperm into the ___
vas deferens
carries sperm from the epididymis through the abdominal wall, looping over the ureter and behind the urinary bladder
vas deferens
as sperm moves through the male system, glands contribute to ___
semen formation
secrete an alkaline, fructose-rich fluid that makes up 60% of semen serves two purposes: neutralizes acidity and provides energy
seminal vesicles
has various physiological functions, including open airways, stimulates pain sensation, reduce stomach acid, cause local irritation, and can stimulate sperm motility
prostaglandins
may be responsible for the coagulation of semen after ejaculation
clotting factor
carries semen through the prostatic urethra
ejaculatory duct
a golf ball-sized gland, located at the base of the bladder, completely surrounds the uppermost part of the urethra; produces a milky fluid that makes up 25% of semen volume
prostate glands
three parts of the penis
- root
- body (shaft)
- glans
the surgical process of removing the foreskin of the human penis
circumcision
secrete an alkaline, mucous fluid into the urethra before sperm arrival
bulbourethral glands
an outer layer of skin that covers the penis
foreskin
reasons for circumcision
- medical reasons
- personal preference
- religious/cultural
the peak of sexual arousal when the body releases sexual tension and pressure
orgasm
one model of physical and emotional changes that occurs during sex
sexual response cycle (SRC)
