2C. The Adrenal Glands

Question 1

where are adrenal glands located?

Answer 1

atop of kidneys

Question 2

lays a crucial role in regulating metabolism, stress response, and fluid balance

Answer 2

adrenal glands

Question 3

greatest blood supply per gram of tissue of any organ in the body

Answer 3

adrenal glands

Question 4

thin outer layer of adrenal glands that secretes three main types of hormones

Answer 4

adrenal cortex

Question 5

three main types of hormones secreted by adrenal cortex

Answer 5

• glucocorticoids
• mineralocorticoids
• sex hormones

Question 6

primarily cortisol

Answer 6

glucocorticoids

Question 7

primarily aldosterone

Answer 7

mineralocorticoids

Question 8

testosterones and estrogens

Answer 8

sex hormones

Question 9

inner core of the adrenal gland that produces catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)

Answer 9

adrenal medulla

Question 10

increases blood glucose levels; regulated by a negative feedback loop; anti-inflammatory effects

Answer 10

cortisol

Question 11

regulates sodium and potassium levels; helps maintain fluid balance; stimulated by low blood sodium, low blood volume, or high blood potassium

Answer 11

aldosterone

Question 12

hormones released in response to stress

Answer 12

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 13

also known as epinephrine; released by the adrenal gland into the bloodstream

Answer 13

adrenaline

Question 14

targets vital organs and allows the body to respond quickly in critical situations

Answer 14

adrenaline

Question 15

caused by hypersecretion of cortisol, leading to symptoms like weight gain, moon face, muscle weakness, and mood swings

Answer 15

cushing’s syndrome

Question 16

caused by the hyposecretion of cortisol and aldosterone, resulting in fatigue, weight loss, low blood pressure, and skin darkening

Answer 16

addison’s disease