2A. Hormones are Chemical Messengers

Question 1

a collection of specialized cells, tissues, and glands that produce and secrete hormones that act as chemical messengers, regulating a wide range of bodily functions such as growth, development, metabolism, and reproduction

Answer 1

endocrine system

Question 2

an organ that makes hormones released directly into the blood and travels to tissues and organs all over the body

Answer 2

endocrine glands

Question 3

a small area that located in the center of the brain

Answer 3

hypothalamus

Question 4

secretes hormones that regulate other endocrine glands

Answer 4

pituitary gland

Question 5

produces melatonin, which regulates sleep-wake cycle

Answer 5

pineal gland

Question 6

produces hormones that regulate metabolism

Answer 6

thyroid gland

Question 7

regulate calcium levels in the blood

Answer 7

parathyroid gland

Question 8

produce hormones that regulate stress response, metabolism, and blood pressure

Answer 8

adrenal gland

Question 9

produces insulin and glucagon, which regulate blood sugar levels

Answer 9

pancreas

Question 10

produce Estrogen and Progesterone which regulate to female reproductive

Answer 10

ovaries

Question 11

produce Testosterone which regulates to male reproductive

Answer 11

testes

Question 12

chemical messengers produced by glands and tissues; travel via the bloodstream to target cells, triggering specific bodily responses

Answer 12

hormones

Question 13

the specific cells that possess receptors for hormones to act upon; exhibits receptors that the circulating hormone can attach to, allowing them to react to hormones

Answer 13

target cells

Question 14

mainly composed of lipids (cholesterol and phospholipids)

Answer 14

steroid hormones

Question 15

they diffuse through the cell membrane and bind through receptors into the cytoplasm or nucleus

Answer 15

lipid soluble

Question 16

forms after binding then interacts with DNA and affects gene transcription and protein synthesis

Answer 16

receptor-hormone complex

Question 17

examples of steroid hormones

Answer 17

• androgens and estrogens
• glucocorticoids

Question 18

mainly composed of amino acids

Answer 18

nonsteroid hormones

Question 19

examples of nonsteroid hormones

Answer 19

• insulin
• epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 20

the most common control mechanism in hormone production; in order to preserve homeostasis, or stability, in the body, this process controls the production and release of hormones; ex: thyroid hormone regulation

Answer 20

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