2B. The Endocrine Glands Secrete Directly into the Bloodstream Flashcards
usually get released into our bloodstreams in short bursts when an endocrine gland is stimulated by a signal from the nervous system or another endocrine gland
hormones
has various glands that release different hormones
hormonal (endocrine) system
keeps tabs on things like body temperature, water levels, and metabolism; tells the pituitary gland what to do, making sure the right hormones are released at the right time
hypothalamus
acts as the main communicator, relaying instructions to other endocrine glands
pituitary gland
2 main parts of the pituitary glands
posterior and anterior pituitary
also known as the neurohypophysis; stores and releases hormones into the bloodstream
posterior pituitary
two crucial hormones in the posterior pituitary
oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
important for childbirth, lactation, and even social bonding
oxytocin
regulates water balance by controlling how much water the kidneys retain
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
produces seven hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, and reproduction
anterior pituitary
gets the adrenal glands to release stress hormones; stimulates the adrenal glands to release stress hormones
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
behind puberty, reproduction, and making estrogen/testosterone. Regulate reproductive functions
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) & luteinizing hormone (LH)
stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids - two classes of hormone maintain homeostasis during stress and control glucose metabolism
ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
stimulate growth and functioning of the ovaries and testes, which in turn produce estrogen and testosterone
gonadotrophins
TRUE OR FALSE: Studies show that precocious puberty is becoming more common. A U.S. study of 1,239 girls found an 8% rise in the number of 7-year-olds going through puberty over 13 years.
true
plays a key role in energy use
thyroid gland
the thyroid gland is controlled by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). which triggers the production of ___
T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine)
these hormones regulate metabolism, determining how quickly the body burns energy
T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine)
produced by the anterior pituitary gland that supports growth in muscles, bones, and cartilage
human growth hormone (hGH)
excess hGH before puberty leads to extreme height, as seen in Robert Wadlow (8 ft 11 in) and André the Giant (7 ft 4 in)
gigantism
excess hGH after puberty causes enlarged facial features, hands, feet, and thickened skin
acromegaly
lack of hGH results in stunted growth
pituitary dwarfism
claims that environmental toxins and diet cause hormone imbalances
bioidentical hormone replacement
therapy (BHRT)
