1B. Urine is Made, Transported, and Stored

Question 1

urine formation begins in the glomerulus; it is called ___

Answer 1

glomerular formation

Question 2

TRUE OR FALSE: filtration requires sufficient blood pressure to overcome capsular and osmotic pressure

Answer 2

true

Question 3

what will happen if systolic pressure drops below 40 mmHg?

Answer 3

filtration fails

Question 4

approx liters of fluid filtered daily

Answer 4

180 liters

Question 5

as the filtrate passes through the nephron, ions and water are returned to the peritubular capillaries in a process called ___

Answer 5

tubular reabsorption

Question 6

2nd step in urine formation; occurs primarily in the PCT where essential substances (water, glucose, amino acids, salts) are reabsorbed into the bloodstream via osmosis and diffusion

Answer 6

tubular reabsorption

Question 7

removes waste products and other unwanted substances too large to filter from the blood at the glomerulus; occurs primarily in the DCT

Answer 7

tubular secretion

Question 8

where is urine transported for storage?

Answer 8

bladder

Question 9

TRUE OR FALSE: once the filtrate passes through the nephrons, it becomes urine in the renal pelvis

Answer 9

true

Question 10

urine in the renal pelvis can lead to ___; can cause severe pain and block urine flow

Answer 10

kidney stones

Question 11

long, thin muscular tubes lined with mucosa that loop behind the bladder and enter at the base

Answer 11

ureters

Question 12

TRUE OR FALSE: blood is constantly filtered in the glomerulus with every heartbeat

Answer 12

true

Question 13

how much can a bladder hold?

Answer 13

300 to 500 mL (10 to 17 ounces)

Question 14

it is very flexible and has the ability to stretch to hold increasing amounts of urine

Answer 14

bladder

Question 15

as the bladder fills, the remains relaxed that allows the bladder to expand and accommodate the increasing volume of urine; the inner lining of the bladder, made up of transitional epithelium, allows the bladder to stretch and expand without breaking apart

Answer 15

bladder expansion

Question 16

as the bladder fills, special sensors called stretch receptors in the bladder wall are activated. These receptors send signals to the spinal cord and the brain, informing them that the bladder is filling up

Answer 16

storage control

Question 17

possible side effects

Answer 17

• pelvic pain
• UTI
• bladder stretching
• damage to pelvic floor muscle
• kidney stones