1A. The Core of the Urinary System

Question 1

it is a complex network that filters blood, removes waste and maintains fluid balance in the body

Answer 1

urinary system

Question 2

functions of the urinary system

Answer 2

• waste removal
• fluid and electrolyte balance
• filtration of blood
• blood pressure regulation

Question 3

filter blood and produce urine

Answer 3

kidneys

Question 4

tubes that transport urine from kidneys to the bladder

Answer 4

ureters

Question 5

conducts urine out of the body

Answer 5

urethra

Question 6

stores urine until excretion

Answer 6

urinary bladder

Question 7

fist-sized bean-shaped organs of the human body

Answer 7

kidneys

Question 8

vitamin D’s active form helps in maintaining blood calcium levels

Answer 8

Calcitriol

Question 9

stimulates the synthesis of new red blood cells

Answer 9

Erythropoietin

Question 10

another hormone that the kidneys produce has a role in maintaining fluid balance

Answer 10

Renin

Question 11

tough outer membrane of the kidneys

Answer 11

renal capsule

Question 12

controls blood flow into the kidneys

Answer 12

renal artery

Question 13

reabsorb minerals into the body

Answer 13

renal tubules

Question 14

provides exit for the equally large renal vein; portal for the kidney’s nerves and lymphatic vessels, and the ureter

Answer 14

hilus

Question 15

outer layer containing nephrons

Answer 15

renal cortex

Question 16

inner region, contains renal pyramids

Answer 16

renal medulla

Question 17

cone-shaped structures formed urine from renal cortex to renal pelvis

Answer 17

renal pyramids/papilla

Question 18

collects urine to pass to the ureter

Answer 18

renal pelvis

Question 19

blood vessel in the kidney that carries filtered blood out of the kidneys and back to the heart

Answer 19

renal vein

Question 20

blood flow through the kidneys

Answer 20

1. significant blood flow
2. entry via renal artery
3. branching arteries
4. blood flow to renal cortex
5. afferent and efferent arterioles
6. filtered blood pathway
7. return pathway

Question 21

the functional and filtering unit of the kidney, responsible for urine formation

Answer 21

nephron

Question 22

types of nephron

Answer 22

Cortical and Juxtamedullary

Question 23

site of filtration

Answer 23

glomerulus

Question 24

also known as “Bowman’s Capsule”; encases the glomerulus

Answer 24

glomerular capsule

Question 25

surround the nephron, facilitating nutrient and waste exchange

Answer 25

peritubular capillaries

Question 26

reabsorbs nutrients and water

Answer 26

proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

Question 27

establishes osmotic gradient for water reabsorption

Answer 27

loop of henle

Question 28

fine-tunes electrolyte balance

Answer 28

distal convoluted tubule (DCT)