3A - Class and Social Change, 1945-1979 Flashcards

1
Q

What impact did WW2 have?

A
  • WC had desire for more equal GB
  • Thought experience of war would make a classless society
  • Social classes cooperated and interacted
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why did WW2 make social classes cooperate and interact?

A

Evacuation, experience of being made homeless through bombing, hardships of rationing felt by all classes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How were the political parties impacted by WW2?

A

1945 Election - both parties campaigning for greater state intervention - suggests role of gov had changed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What characterised the 1950s and 1960s?

A

Increase in affluence, leisure time and consumer choice. Living standards rose as well as spending power and attitudes towards class system changed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How did peoples views change in the 1950s and 1960s?

A

Notions of morality about sexuality, marriage, abortion and homosexuality were challenged. Led to legal reform. Concerns over materialism and consumerism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When did rationing end and what consequence did it have?

A

1954 + relaxation of consumer credit = WC households could enjoy prosperity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How did traditional views about class and deference begin to change?

A

TV and cinema exposed satirical content which ridiculed social class and newspapers exposed scandals involving ruling class

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is an example of a satirical show from the satire boom in 1960?

A

‘Beyond the Fringe’ stage show played to large audiences, controversial show made fun of Britain’s establishment: gov, army and UC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What did the episode ‘The Aftermyth of the War’ from ‘Beyond the Fringe’ do?

A

Scorned GB war effort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What did ‘That Was The Week That Was’ from 1962?

A

Combined satirical humour with interviews with leading politicians. First time GB public could see elites on TV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What was the British New Wave in the 1950s and 1960s?

A

New generation of writers and filmmakers depicted attitudes towards the class system. Saw novels about WC men and women experiencing prosperity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is an example of a novel about a working class man desperate to escape his background from the British New Wave?

A

‘Saturday Night Sunday Morning’ 1958

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What sex scandal occured in 1963 about sex parties?

A

Rumours of sex parties held at Cliveden - stately home for Astor family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which newspaper reported sex scandals in the 1950s and 1960s and what was a famous scandal they reported?

A

Private Eye reported rumours e.g John Profumo shared a 19 yr old sexual partner Christine Keeler with a Soviet attache, Yevgeny Ivanov

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do people believe a consequence of the Profumo Affair was?

A

1964 - some believe Profumo scandal led to defeat in election

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What characterised the sexual revolution of the 1960s?

A

Laws more liberal towards male homosexuality and abortion, didn’t translate to changes in public attitudes

17
Q

How many children had had sex education in 1949?

A

Less than 1/10 had any sex education, little evidence that parents discussed sex with their children

18
Q

What was the view regarding sexual activity in the 1950s?

A

View that state had a role in regulating private sexual activity e.g homosexuality

19
Q

Why is it unlikely that GB was sexually repressed prior to the sexual revolution?

A
  • Cases of venereal disease were high, prostitution did well in WW2
  • 1930s onwards - growing popularity for sexual advice books - Eustace Chesser’s 1941 book ‘Love Without Fear’ sold 3 million copies by 1964
20
Q

What did a 1950s survey find about sexual intercourse before marriage rejecting the idea of a sexual revolution?

A

⅕ of women born between 1894 - 1904 had experienced pre marital sex
½ all women born between 1924-1934 had sex before marriage

21
Q

How many boys and girls between 16-19 had sex in the 1960s and why is this misleading?

A

⅓ boys and ⅙ girls between 16-19 had had sex in 1965

Nearly all those that had were in relationships

22
Q

Why were sex scandals reported more frequently in the media in the 1960s?

A

Sex scandals = popular - particularly with celebrities. Advertisers wanted to reach large audiences - sex = large audience

23
Q

How did media techniques of sex sells come about in the 1960s?

A

People began to associate celebrities with sex and consumerism became associated with sex

24
Q

How does Phillip Larkin’s poem Annus Mirablis capture the mood of the early 1960s?

A

Refers to Chatterley ban - Lady Chatterley’s Lover - book depicting explicit sex between WC and UC couple - obscenity trial - sold 3 million copies so popular among some but rejected by some

25
What did the Wolfenden report - published by church groups - suggest in 1957?
decline in morality since the war and family life had been weakened. Lord Wolfenden wanted harsher prostitution laws but decriminalisation of homosexuality in private
26
Why did Wolfenden want harsher prostitution laws but decriminalisation of homosexuality in private?
Believed prostitution was immoral but homosexuality was hidden and in doors.
27
What was founded in 1958 regarding homosexuality?
Homosexual Law Reform Society was founded. Campaigning for Wolfenden’s regulations.
28
How was homosexuality decriminalised in 1967?
1960-1966 Attempts to introduce Sexual Offences Bills based on Wolfenden’s report. 1967 - Private Members Bill - passed by a narrow majority, Decriminalised homosexuality
29
When was abortion decriminalised?
1967
30
How popular were the liberal reforms of the 1960s?
Survey showed that 85% disproved of homosexuality and half believed it should be punished more severely
31
What reflects the emergence of conservative attitudes in the late 1960s?
Myra Hindley and Ian Brady - Moors murderers, convicted of killing 3 children in 1966 and were unmarried but in a relationship, newspapers connected murder to permissive society
32
Why was there a Clean Up TV campaign in 1964?
Condemned content of a sexual nature, alcohol exposure, criticising the royal family and any references to crime - quite popular
33
What was the NVALA in 1965?
Founded the National Viewers and Listeners Association included church bishops, police officers and MPs. Opposed sex, violence, swearing and associated all these with socialism, little impact
34
What did the NVALA influence?
Banning child pornography - Protection of Children Act of 1978 and indecent advertisements - Indecent Displays Act of 1981, got Deep Throat movie banned in 1976
35
What was the Festival of Light founded by Malcolm Muggeridge - leading figure of moral conservatism?
Aimed to prevent sexualisation of TV, promote christian teachings. Little impact on TV
36
What did Lord Longford call for in 1972 in his report into pornography?
That the Obscene Publications Act in 1959 made it easy for pornography to be published and called for new censorship