3.8 IMPLICATIONS OF THE USE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES Flashcards
WHAT IS THE DATA PROTECTION ACT?
A lay that states that organisations who are responsible for using data have to follow the Data Protection Principles.
WHAT ARE THE DATA PROTECTION PRINCIPLES?
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- Data should be used fairly and lawfully
- Data should be used for limited, specifically stated purpose
- Data should be used in ways that are adequate, relevant, not excessive
- Data should be used accuratley
- Data should not be kept longer than absolutley necesart
- Data should be handled according to people’s data protection rights
- Data should be kept safe and secure
WHAT ARE THE RIGHTS OF INDIVIDUALS WHOSE DATA IS UNDER ORGANISATIONS?
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- Access a copy of information compromised of their personal data
- Organisations should prevent processing for direct marketing
- Have inaccurate data rectified, blocked, erased, destroyed in certain circumstances
- Claim compensation for damages caused by a breach of the act
WHAT IS COPYRIGHT?
The legal power providing the creator of an original work with the sole authority to use and distribute it. When a customer pays for apps, books etc, they have the right to use them but not the right to dstirbute them.
WHAT ARE THE EXEMPTIONS FROM COPYRIGHT?
- Copies of books or documents made by libraries, educational establishments, museums.
- Recordings of broadcasts for archive purposes
- Uses for the benefit of people with disabilities
- For non-commercial research/private study
- When used in parody
WHAT IS GEOBLOCKING?
AKA geolocation rights management
Prevents users from accessing digital content. This prevents users in countries with different legal framework from accessing copyrighted work.
WHICH METHODS CAN MONITOR INDIVIDUAL’S MOVEMENTS?
- CCTV (Closed Circuit Television) - may use facial recognition
- ANPR (Automatic Number Plate Recognition) - used by law enforcement agencies eg police
- Monitoring the use of - identification cards, travel cards, passports at borders, bank transactions.
- Identifying devices on networks by their IP addresses and MAC addresses.
- Using GPS data shared by apps (EG - Freind finder)
- GPS trackers that can be attached to clothes.
WHAT ARE BENEFITS OF TRACKING INDIVIUAL’S MOVEMENTS?
- Find lost people
- Locate friends
- Identify people on networks
- Identify and locate potential criminals (eg, violent fans at sporting events)
- Keep travellers safe
- Verify individuals for financial transactions in order to reduce financial crime
WHAT ARE DRAWBACKS OF TRACKING INDIVDUAL’S MOVEMENTS?
- Compromising people’s privacy
- Expense of setting up, monitoring, maintaining systems.
- Energy consumption of the systems - effect on environment
- Make people feel they are not trusted
WHAT WAYS CAN MONITOR INDIVDUAL’S COMMUNICATION?
- Parental control software
- Texts, emails, posts on social networking sites
- Comments on blogs
- Web histories
- INVESTIGATORY POWERS ACT 2016, UK, Police can access these types of digital communication
WHAT ARE SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES?
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- Power requirements of digital devices
- Power requirements for cooling systems in data centers
- Use of poisonous substances such as bromine, mercury, chlorine in digital devices
WHAT IS THE ISSUE OF POWER REQUIREMENTS OF DIGITAL DEVICES?
Power is produced by non renewable energies which reduces planet’s resources.
MITIGATION OF ISSUE OF POWER REQUIREMENTS OF DIGITAL DEVICES?
- Use renewable energies
- Using more energy effiecient devices
- Building data centers next to reivers to make use of natural hydro-eletric power
WHAT IS THE ISSUE OF POWER REQUIREMENTS FOR COOLING SYSTEMS IN DATA CENTERS?
Cooling systems need alot of power, power is produced by non-renewable energies which reduces planet’s resources.
MITIGATION OF ISSUE OF POWER REQUIREMENTS FOR COOLING SYSTEMS IN DATA CENTERS?
- Building data centers in cold climates to reduce the need to artificially cool the rooms using air conditioners, which use alot of power.
WHAT IS THE ISSUE OF THE USE OF POISONOUS SUBSTANCES SUCH AS BROMINE, MERCURY, CHLORINE IN DIGITAL DEVICES?
When these devices are thrown away, these chemicals leak out and cause health risks to people’s cardiovascular and central nervous systems and to wildlife. May also cause cancer and lung disease.
MITIGATION OF THE ISSUE OF THE USE OF POISONOUS SUBSTANCES IN DIGITAL DEVICES?
- Education
- Recycling schemes
- Laws
- Using harmless alternative materials
WHAT ARE SOME HEALTH AND SAFETY ISSUES?
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- Eye dryness and eye fatigue
- RSI
- Back and neck ache
- Trip hazards
- Electric shocks
- Fire
HOW IS EYE DRYNESS AND EYE FATIGUE CAUSED?
Caused by looking at screen for long periods of time.
HOW TO MINIMISE EYE DRYNESS AND EYE FATIGUE?
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- Take breaks
- Keep screen far
- Use large enough screen
- Use blue light filters
- Use screens that don’t flicker
- Use suitable lighting
- Reduce sunlight glare from windows
HOW IS RSI CAUSED?
Caused by using devices incorrectly, poor posture.
HOW TO MINIMISE RSI?
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- Use ergonomical devices
- Use ergonomic supports such as wrist pads
HOW IS BACK AND NECK ACHE CAUSED?
Caused by poor posture
HOW TO MINIMISE BACK AND NECK ACHES?
- Maintain correct posture when using devices
HOW ARE TRIP HAZARDS CAUSED?
Caused by trailing wires
HOW TO MINMISE TRIP HAZARDS?
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- Good cable management
- Tidy and secure cables
HOW ARE ELECTRIC SHOCKS CAUSED?
Caused by damaged cables, liquid on devices.
HOW TO MINIMISE ELECTRIC SHOCKS?
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- Use residual current devices on the supply to electric current
- Regular cable inspection
- Repair/replace damaged cables
- No liquids near devices
HOW ARE FIRES CAUSED?
Caused by overheating devices. overheating plug sockets.
HOW TO MINIMISE FIRES?
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- Use cooling devices
- Regular maintenance
- Install fire extinguishers
WHAT IS GOOD POSTURE?
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- Adjustable back rest
- Adjustable arm rest
- Adjustable seat height
- Viewing distance from monitor
- Keyboard at elbow height
WHAT IS BAD POSTURE?
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- Avoid tight elbow angle
- Avoid wrist bent upwards
- Avoid pressure on elbow/wrist
