3.1 POTENTIAL RISKS TO DATA AND PERSONAL INFORMATION WHEN INFORMATION IS TRANSMITTED AND STORED DIGITALLY

Question 1

WHAT IS DELIBERATE DAMAGE BY MALWARE?

Answer 1

Malware can show messages, play sounds, delete files, re-progam systems to perform tasks that will harm the system and connected hardware.

Question 2

WHAT IS ACCIDENTAL DELETION?

Answer 2

Delete files/entire content in a drive by mistake. Can be done by:
Pressing a key accidentally
Formatting media on wrong storage media device
Unexpectedly lose power

Question 3

WHAT ARE METHODS OF STEALING PERSONAL INFORMATION?

Answer 3

1. Phishing
2. Pharming

Question 4

WHAT IS PHISHING?

Answer 4

Sending large numbers of messages via SMS/Instant messaging apps that appear to form real organisations. These emails ask for credentials (bank details).

Question 5

WHAT IS SPEARPHISING?

Answer 5

Spearphishing is phishing but customised to a certain number of users

Question 6

WHAT IS PHARMING?

Answer 6

Creating fake versions of trusted websites to trick users into entering their credentials - made identical to real website.

Question 7

WAYS OF PHARMING?

Answer 7

• Internet trafficking - redirecting from real websites to fake. Uses malware. Altering domain name servers
• misspelling URL

Question 8

WHAT ARE THE METHODS OF SECURING DATA ONLINE?

Answer 8

1. Firewall
2. Encryption
3. Passwords, PINs, Biometrics
4. Capcha tests
5. Anti-malware
6. Access rights and file permissions
7. Secure websites
8. Email attachments
9. Backup procedures
10. Third party payment systems
11. Bank cards
12. Contactless payments using NFC

Question 9

WHAT DO FIREWALLS DO?

Answer 9

Controls data in and out of a network. Examine network addresses and ports of data. Compares details to a list of rules set by network administrators. Determines what traffic is allowed to travel in and out of network.

Question 10

HOW DOES ENCRYPTION WORK?

Answer 10

Uses a key to scramble data into an unreadable format.

Question 11

WHY ARE PASSWORDS, PINs, BIOMETRICS USED?

Answer 11

Used to authenticate a user to access an online system.

Question 12

EXAMPLE OF PASSWORD REQUIREMENTS?

Answer 12

Has to be 8 characters, mix of letters, symbols, upper and lower case, random characters, changed frequently.

Question 13

WHAT DO CAPCHA TESTS DO?

Answer 13

Makes sure data is entered by human not by a bot. Recapcha is used to help digitalise books and annotate images.

Question 14

WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF ANTI MALWARE?

Answer 14

1. Anti-virus
2. Anti-adware
3. Anty-spyware

Question 15

WHAT IS AN ANTI-VIRUS?

Answer 15

Checks files that are downloaded for signs of viruses. Has a list of viruses, matches it to actual virus if found. Then quarantines file.

Question 16

WHAT IS AN ANTI-ADWARE?

Answer 16

Detects, quarantines and removes adware.

Question 17

WHAT IS AN ANTI-SPYWARE?

Answer 17

Detects, quarantines and removes spyware.

Question 18

WHAT IS SPYWARE?

EG - keylogger

Answer 18

Spyware monitors and records computer data.

Question 19

WHY ARE ACCESS RIGHTS AND FILE PERMISSIONS USED?

Answer 19

Permissions are set for access to files, folders, drives allowing users to read only/ read and write to the file.

Question 20

WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT BACKUP PROCEDURES?

Answer 20

1. Full backup
2. Incremental backup
3. Differential backup

Question 21

WHAT IS FULL BACKUP?

Answer 21

Complete copy

Question 22

WHAT IS INCREMENTAL BACKUP?

Answer 22

Contains files which have been altered since last backup

Question 23

WHAT IS DIFFERENTIAL BACKUP?

Answer 23

Saves only difference in data since last full backup.

Question 24

HOW ARE BACKUPS STORED?

Answer 24

They are usually stored on external device because it is more secure. Can be stored online (copy of data is stored in two different geographical locations) - slower as it requires internet.

Question 25

HOW ARE THIRD PARTY PAYMENTS USED?

EG - Paypall/Skrill

Answer 25

Allows users to create accounts so they can send a receive money - uses email accounts for identification.

Question 26

WHAT DO BANK CARDS DO?

Answer 26

Allow payments online. Pay by entering card number, expiry date, name on card, card security code.

Question 27

HOW ARE CONTACTLESS PAYMENTS USING NFC USED?

Answer 27

Used in payment cards to allow transfer of payment data. Payment data requires PIN or any form of user authentication. If card reader is in range and is requesting payment, then contactless card will take payment to a maximum amount.