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IGCSE ICT - PEARSON EDEXCEL PAPER 1 > 1.3 SOFTWARE > Flashcards

1.3 SOFTWARE Flashcards

1
Q

SOFTWARE

A

Programs that run on a computer

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2
Q

PROGRAM

  • Single purpose computer = MICROWAVE
  • General purpose computer = TABLET
A

Instructions executed by computer’s processor.

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3
Q

SYSTEM SOFTWARE

A

Programs designed to maintain or operate a computer system

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4
Q

APPLICATION SOFTWARE

A

Produce digital products (presentation, images). Carry out specific tasks not relation to OS.

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5
Q

OPERATING SYSTEM

2 TYPES:
- Single user OS
- Network OS

A

Allows user to control and manage computer’s hardware.

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6
Q

SINGLE USER OS

A

Only allows for general use. Doesn’t provide option to customize user interface for different users.

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7
Q

FUNCTIONS OF NETWORK OS

A
  • Send requests to server when user logs in
  • Separating user accounts
  • Provide access to network storage and shared resources (EG - PRINTER)
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8
Q

FUNCTIONS OF OPERATING SYSTEM

A
  • MEMORY MANAGEMENT
  • RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
  • SECURITY
  • PRINT SPOOLING
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9
Q

MEMORY MANAGEMENT

A

OS allocates required amount of RAM and deals with virtual memory. When application doesn’t need memory space, OS makes space available for other apps.

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10
Q

RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

A

Ensures resources are available when needed. System resources include internal (processor and graphics card) and external (printer). OS ensures memory is available, if it is being used OS requests a queue.

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11
Q

SECURITY

A

OS gives secure access to computer storage.

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12
Q

EXPLAIN 2 WAYS OF OS GIVING SECURE ACCESS TO COMPUTER STORAGE

A
  • AUTHENTICATION - process of confirming a user is permitted to access certain file, hardware, software.
  • FIREWALL - system that protects computer network from being used or looked at by unauthorized people.
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13
Q

PRINT SPOOLING

A

OS has pages ready for printer ( during large printing jobs). OS keeps each page in a queue ready for printing.

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14
Q

UTILITY SOFTWARE

(one form of system software)

A

Carries out configuration and maintenance tasks.

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15
Q

WHAT ARE THE CONFIGURATION AND MAINTENANCE TASKS OF UTILITY SOFTWARE?

A

BACKUP UTILITIES
DE-FRAGMENTATION UTILITIES
COMPRESSION UTILITIES
FORMATTING UTILITIES

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16
Q

BACKUP UTILITIES

A

Create copies of file/programs

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17
Q

DE-FRAGMENTATION UTILITIES

A

When data is stored on a hard disk, data is stored in any free open space. This means data is fragmented and is stored OUT OF ORDER. This means data needs to be retrieved from the multiple locations. Read/write heads find this data (SLOW). DISK DE-FRAGMENTERS re-order done (AUTOMATICALLY).

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18
Q

COMPRESSION UTILITIES

(Can DECOMPRESS = can be read by original application)

A

Reduces original size of the file. When there are repeated patterns, it only stores the first with the other many times.

19
Q

FORMATTING UTILITIES

A

Prepares storage media (HARD DISKS, USB FLASH DRIVES) for first use. If disk is used and is being formatted, this makes data inside become unreadable by normal applications.

20
Q

SOFTWARE APPLICATIONS

EG:
- OFFICE PRODUCTIVITY SOFTWARE
- WEB AUTHORING
- IMAGE EDITING
- SOUND EDITING
- PRESENTATION SOFTWARE
- CONTROL SOFTWARE
- PROJECT MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE

A

Allows users to produce a digital product to carry out tasks not related to OS. Apps are downloaded from servers on the internet or from storage media. Some OS provide access to app store. Some apps are made available after quality is checked and there are no codes to hard the device.

21
Q

OFFICE PRODUCTIVITY SOFTWARE + EG?

A

Applications carrying out work-related tasks.
EG:
- WORD PROCESSING
- DESKTOP PUBLISHING
-SPREADSHEET
-DATABASE

22
Q

WORD PROCESSING

A

Create documents, words, tables, images, hyperlinks.

23
Q

DESKTOP PUBLISHING

ADOBE, INDESIGN

A

Work with complicated page layout.

24
Q

SPREADSHEET

MICROSOFT EXCEL

A

Calculate, create formulae.

25
Q

DATABASE

ORACLE

A

Enter, edit and search data. Produce reports, dynamically display real time changes. Use data entry form - input data query editors, select data meeting criteria, report builders, display data in a more readable format.

26
Q

WEB AUTHORING

ADOBE

A

Lets users create web pages with text and images. HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is read by web browsers. Translates HTML into pages for humans to read. Web pages are linked together to view on intranet.

27
Q

INTRANET

A

Computer network used to exchange information and see info within a company.

28
Q

IMAGE EDITING

A

Create and change BITMAP and VECTOR images.

29
Q

WHAT ARE 2 IMAGE EDITORS + EXPLAIN?

A

GRAPHIC EDITORS - create/edit vector images. (making images online) SERIF, AFFINITY DESIGNER
IMAGE EDITORS - create and change bitmap images (edit and enhance) GNU IMAGE MANIPULATION PROGRAM.

30
Q

FEATURES OF GRAPHICAL EDITORS?

A
  • Vectorising images (converting bitmap graphics into vector graphics.)
  • Layering, placing graphics over each other
  • Adding text
    -Adding shapes, lines
    Resizing, aligning, moving shapes and lines
  • Altering colour and fill areas
31
Q

FEATURES OF IMAGE EDITORS?

A

-Adjusting brightness and contrast
- Resizing image
- Altering sharpness and blurring
- Applying filters and effects like distortion
- Red-eye removal
- Cropping

32
Q

SOUND EDITING

AUDACITY

A

Edit audio files. Join together different audios to create multitracks.

33
Q

FEATURES OF SOUND EDITING

A

-Cut and join audios
- Mute and solo audio tracks
- Alter volume levels for individual tracks
- Change tempo
- Frequency equalisation
- Effects like reverberation
- Apply audio processing

34
Q

PRESENTATION SOFTWARE

PREZI

A

Create engaging multimedia content like images, text, animations, videos. Practice timing, add narration that automatically plays on correct slide. Advance automatically on command. Add notes

35
Q

CONTROL SOFTWARE

USED IN ENGINEERING + BUILDING CONTROL SYSTEM

A

Make something in physical environment. Automate movement of control devices/actuators (EG, MOTORS). Not easy to modify like application software. Monitored and controlled by phone. Takes input from multiple sensors and makes a decision based on this, then gives output.

36
Q

PROJECT MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE

A

Help and track individual tasks in a project

37
Q

WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF SOFTWARE LICENSES?

A

FREE SOFTWARE
OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE
PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE

38
Q

FREE SOFTWARE

A

Gives users right to modify, study, copy, distribute program. Fee/ free of charge. Users can decide if, how much to charge for copy of software/ any service provided.

39
Q

OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE

A

Make source code available so users can modify and distribute software. Fee/ free of charge.

40
Q

SOURCE CODE

A

Collection of instructions forming piece of software

41
Q

PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE

A

Marketed and sold under a brand name by the owner. Available for fee/ free of charge.

42
Q

COMMUNICATION SOFTWARE

A

Provides remote access to systems and exchanges files and messages in text, audio, images, video formats between different computers or users.

43
Q

WHY IS SOFTWARE UPDATED?

A

-Fix security vulnerability
-Increasing compatibility with newer OS
- Improving performance and efficiency
- New features
-Improved usability

44
Q

WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO BACKUP SYSTEMS AND FILES BEFORE UPDATING SOFTWARE?

A

Important incase of problems like components removed that other software needs.

IGCSE ICT - PEARSON EDEXCEL PAPER 1 (24 decks)

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