37 - Bunyavirales, Arenaviridae, Bornaviridae

Question 1

Arenaviridae

Answer 1

• Etymologi: arena: sand
• Morphology:
  
  • ​Segmented (2)
  • -ssRNA (ambisense) genome
  • No capsid
  • Pleomorphic
  • Enveloped
  • Ribosomes inside the viron (no function)
• Resistance: weak
• Biological properties:
  
  • Baltimore V. – viral transcriptase
  • Zoonoses! – encephalitis, hemorrhagic fevers
  • Reservoir hosts: rodents
• Antigenic properties: cross-reaction within the genus​
• Diagnosis:
  
  • ​Isolation, IF
  • Serology: VN, IIF

Question 2

Arenaviridae

List the different genera

Answer 2

• Mammarenavirus genus
• Reptarenavirus genus

Question 3

Arenaviridae

Mammarenavirus genus

Answer 3

• Old world arenaviruses:
  
  • ​Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
    
    • ​Human: meningitis
    • Pet hamsters, mice → children
    • Europe, US
• New world arenaviruses:
  
  • Tacaribe-, Junin-, Machupo virus
    
    • South America
    • Hemorrhage, encephalitis

Question 4

Arenaviridae

Reptarenavirus genus

Answer 4

• Snake arenavirus
  
  • Inclusion body disease

Question 5

Bunyavirales

Answer 5

• Etymologi: Bunyamwera: African region
• Morphology:
  
  • ​Segmented (3)
  • Helical capsid
  • Enveloped
• Resistance: weak
• Biological properties:
  
  • Baltimore V. – viral transcriptase
  • Arboviruses (except Hantavirus) – mosquito or tick transmission
  • Zoonoses
• Antigenic properties:
  
  • ​Relatively good antigens
  • Cross-reaction within genera
• Diagnosis:
  
  • ​Isolation, IF, EM
  • Indirect: VN

Question 6

Bunyavirales

List the different families and their genera

Answer 6

9 families

• Peribunyaviridae
  
  • ​Orthobunyavirus genus
• Phenuiviridae
  
  • ​Phelebovirus genus
• Narioviridae
  
  • ​Orthonairovirus genus
• Hataviridae
  
  • ​Orthohantavirus genus

Question 7

Bunyavirales

Peribunyaviridae: ​Orthobunyavirus genus

Answer 7

• Akabane disease, Schmallenberg virus
  
  • ​Ruminants
  • Development problems of fetus
• La crosse virus
  
  • ​Human
  • Fever, rash, encephalitis

Question 8

Bunyavirales

Peribunyaviridae: Phelebovirus genus

Answer 8

• Etymologi: Phelbotmidae: sandfly
• Rift Valley fever
  • ​Sheep, cattle: abortion, fever, bloody diarrhea
  • Mosquito transmitted
  • Africa

Question 9

Bunyavirales

Nairoviridae: orthonairovirus genus

Answer 9

• Etymologi: Nairobi
• Nairobi sheep fever
  
  • ​Sheep, goat
  • Fever, gastroenteritis, abortion
  • Tick-transmitted
• Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever
  
  • ​Humans: hemorrhag, rash, nephritis

Question 10

Bunyavirales
Hataviridae: ​orthohantavirus genus

Answer 10

• Etymologi: Hantaan: Korean region
• Hantaan hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
  • Human: fever, nephritis, high lethality
  • Reservoir: rodents
  • Far-east, Europe, USA

Question 11

Boronaviridae

Answer 11

• Etymologi: Borona
• Morphology:
  
  • -ssRNA genome
  • Helical capsid
  • Enveloped
• Resistance: weak
• Biological properties:
  
  • ​Host specificity: ?
  • Reservoir: shrews, rodent =
  • Only in restricted geographic areas (Europe)
• Antigenic properties: good antigens
• Diagnosis:
  
  • ​Clinical signs
  • Histopathology lesions (nuclear inclusions)
  • RT-PCR

Question 12

Boronaviridae

List the generas

Answer 12

Boronavirus genus

Question 13

Boronaviridae

Boronavirus genus

Answer 13

• Borona disease
  
  • ​Encephalitis, encephalosis
• Avian bornaviruses: parrot proventricular dilation disease​