29 - Parvoviridae, Circoviridae, Anelloviridae

Question 1

Parvoviridae

Answer 1

• Etymology: Parvus: small
• Morphology:
  
  • ​Linear ssDNA
  • Self priming
  • Hairpin ends
  • Icosahedral capsid
  • Non enveloped
• Resistance: Very strong
• Biological properties:
  
  • Baltimore II.
    
    • Cellular polymerase - multiplication in dividing cells
    • Complementation – adeno- or herpesvirus infected cells
  • Hemagglutination
  • Stenoxen
• Antigenic properties:
  
  • ​Very good antigens - long immunity
  • Cross reactions - cross immunity
    
    • Related viruses (mutants):
      
      • Panleukopenia
      • Mink enteritis
      • Canine parvovirus 2
• Diagnosis:
  
  • Isolation in dividing cells – intranuclear inclusion bodies
  • HA, IF, AGID
  • Serology: HAI, VN

Question 2

Parvoviridae

List the subfamilies and their genera

Answer 2

• Parvovirinae:
  
  • ​Protovirus genus
  • Avivirus genus
  • Amdovirus genus
  • Bocavirus genus
  • Copivirus genus
  • Tetravirus genus
  • Erythrovirus genus
  • Dependoparvovirus genus
• Densovirinae

Question 3

Parvoviridae

Parvovirinae: protoparvovirus genus

Answer 3

• Porcine parvovirus - SMEDI
  
  • Stillbirth
  • Mummification
  • Embryonic Death
  • Infertility
• Canine parvovirus 2
  
  • ​Enteritis
  • Myocarditis
  • Exsiccosis
• Feline panlekopenia virus
  
  • ​Stem cells/WBC - immunity suppressed
• Mink eteritis virus

Question 4

Parvoviridae

Parvovirinae: aviparvovirus genus

Answer 4

• Chicken parvovirus
  
  • ​Stunting, diarrhoea, mortality

Question 5

Parvoviridae

Parvovirinae: amdoparvovirus genus

Answer 5

• Etymology: Aleutian Mink Disease
• Aleutian mink disease virus
  • ​•Immunocomplex disease – hemorrhage, nephritis

Question 6

Parvoviridae

Parvovirinae: bocoparvovirus genus

Answer 6

• Etymology: Bovine, Canine
• Bovine parvovirus
• Canine minute virus (CPV-1)

Question 7

Parvoviridae

Parvovirinae: erythroparvovirus genus

Answer 7

• B 19 virus
  
  • ​Human transient aplastic crisis, fetal wastage (hydrops)
• Simian erythroviruses

Question 8

Parvoviridae

Parvovirinae: dependoparvovirus genus

Answer 8

• Etymology: dependant
• Adeno associated viruses (human, canine, bovine etc.)
• Goose parvovirus - Derzsy’s disease
  
  • ​Ascites, respiratory disease, enteritis
• Muscovy duck parvovirus
• Snake parvovorus

Question 9

Parvoviridae

Parvovirinae: copi-, tetraparvovirus genus

Answer 9

Ungulate parvoviruses

Question 10

Parvoviridae

Densovirinae

Answer 10

• (densonucleosis virus)
• Arthropod pathogens

Question 11

Circoviridae

Answer 11

• Etymology: Circus: circle
• Morphology:
  
  • ​Circular ssDNA
  • Icosahedral capsid
  • Non enveloped
• Resistance: Very strong
• Biological properties:
  
  • Baltimore II.
    
    • Cellular polymerase - multiplication in dividing cells
      
      • → bone marrow cells, leukocytes - immunosuppressant
    • Germinative infections
    • Stenoxen
• Antigenic properties:
  
  • ​Good antigens ↔ immunosuppression
• Diagnosis:
  
  • ​Isolation: dividing cells, embryo
  • IF (leukocytoses)
  • Serology: ELISA

Question 12

Circoviridae

List the genera

Answer 12

• Circovirus genus
• Gyrovirus genus

Question 13

Circoviridae

Circovirus genus

Answer 13

• Porcine circovirus PCV1, PCV2: PMWS, PDNS
  
  • Wasting, hemorrhage, immunosuppression
• Beak and feather disease virus
  
  • ​Parrots
  • Beak and feather deformities, immunosuppression
• Goose circovirus
  
  • ​Immunosuppression
• Canary, pigeon, mallard duck, muskovy duck circoviruses

Question 14

Circoviridae

Gyrovirus genus

Answer 14

• Chicken infectious anemia
  
  • Anemia, immunosuppression

Question 15

Anelloviridae

Answer 15

• Etymology: anello: ring
• Morphology:
  
  • ​Circular ssDNA
  • Icosahedral capsid
  • Non enveloped
• Resistance: very strong
• Biological properties:
  
  • ​Baltimore II
    
    • Cellular polymerase multiplicate in dividing cells: bone marrow
    • Leukocytes: immunosuppressant
  • Germinative infections
  • Senoxen
• Antigenic properties:
  
  • ​Strong and longlasting immune response
  • Cause immunosupressance
• Diagnosis:
  
  • ​Isolation: dividing cells, embryo
  • IF (leukocytes)
  • Serology: ELISA
  • PCR

Question 16

Anelloviridae

List the genera

Answer 16

• Gyrovirus genus
• Alpha-Zetatorquevirus genus

Question 17

Anelloviridae

Gyrovirus genus

Answer 17

• Chicken infectious anemia
  
  • Anemia, immunosuppression
  • Bone marrow
  • China white chickens
  • Hemorrhages in visceral organs

Question 18

Anelloviridae

Alpha-Zetatorquevirus genus

Answer 18

• Torque teno virus
  
  • Human, swine,horse, dog , cat, seal
  • Asymptomatic infection (associated to other diseases)
  • 100% seropositivity, lifelong viraemia -all have been infected at one point
  • First described in japan
  • The name means: thin necklace, in regards to NA structure
  • The life long infection makes problem in vaccine production,virus can be in the cells for the cell culture