27 - Poxviridae

Question 1

Poxviridae

1. Etymology
2. Morphology
3. Resistance
4. Biological properties

Answer 1

• Emythology: Pock: scar
• Morphology:
  
  • ​Linear dsDNA
  • Complex capsid with lipids
• Resistance: Usually good
  
  • Chloroform inactivates all, ether only capri-, para- and leporipoxviruses
• Biological properties:
  
  • ​Baltimore I ↔ multiplication in the cytoplasm (viral enzymes)
  • Embryonated eggs – CAM inoculation
  • Mainly stenoxen
  • Recombinations within genera
  • Orthopox, Parapox – zoonoses
  • Infection: air borne, contact, arbo
  • Papule (cell proliferation) → pustule → scab → scar
• Antigen properties:
  
  • ​Strong antigens (ø parapox), long immunity
  • Cross neutralization within genera
    
    • Variola - vaccinia
• Diagnosis:
  
  • ​Clinical signs
  • Isolation: embryonated egg - CAM
  • EM

Question 2

Poxviridae

List the subfamilies and their genera

Answer 2

• Chordopoxicirinae:​ (Chorda: spnal chord)
  
  • Orthopoxvirus
  • Parapoxvirus
  • Avipoxvirus
  • Capripoxvirus
  • Leporipoxvirus
  • Suipoxvirus
  • Cervidopoxvirus
  • Yatapoxvirus
  • Molluscipoxvirus
• Entomopoxvirinae: ​
  
  • ​Insect poxviruses (A, B, C)

Question 3

Chordopoxvirinae

Orthopoxvirus genus

Answer 3

• (ortho: real)​
• Cowpox (cattle teat, skin)
  
  • Can pass from rodent → cat → human
• Buffalopox (buffalo skin)
• Camelopox (camel skin, eye, pneumonia)
• Ectromelia (mice, skin - loose of legs, generalized)
• Variola (smallpox: huma - skin, pneumonia, generalized)
• Vaccinia (mutant cowpox – vaccine against Variola)
• Monkeypox (monkey, rodent, human)

Question 4

Chordopoxvirinae

Parapoxvirus genus

Answer 4

• Para: like
• Pseudocowpox
  
  • ​Cow: teat scabs
  • Humans: milker’s nodule
• Bovine papular stomatitis
  
  • ​Calf: oral scabs
• Contagious ecthyma, orf
  
  • ​Lamb: mouth, lips - scabs
  • Humans: skin, lips, eyes
• Squirrel parapoxvirus
  
  • ​Skin lesions (head, lips, eyes)
• Sealpox

Question 5

Chordopoxvirinae

Avipoxvirus genus

Answer 5

• Avis: bird
• Fowlpox
• Canarypox
• Pigeonpox
• Psittacinepox
• Turkeypox
• All:
  
  • Skin scabs
  • Mucosal scabs
  • Pneumonia, generalized forms

Question 6

Chordopoxvirinae

Capripoxvirus genus

Answer 6

• Capra: goat
• Sheep pox
  
  • ​Skin - wool loss
  • Pneumonia, generalized
• Goat pox
• Lumpy skin disease
  
  • ​Cattle, wild ruminants

Question 7

Chordopoxvirinae

Leporipoxvirus genus

Answer 7

• Lepus: rabbit
• Myxomatosis
  
  • ​Rabbit
  • Myxomas, pneumonia
• Hare-fibroma virus
  
  • ​Hare
  • Tumors
• Shope-fibroma virus
  
  • ​Americal cotton-tailed rabbit
  • Tumors

Question 8

Chordopoxvirinae

Suipoxvirus genus

Answer 8

• Sus: swine
• Swinepox
  • ​Skin papulas
  • Transmission: lice

Question 9

Chordopoxvirinae

Yatapoxvirus genus

Answer 9

• Yabapox
  
  • ​Moneky tumors
• Tanapox
  
  • ​Human skin lesions

Question 10

Chordopoxvirinae

Molluscipoxvirus genus

Answer 10

• Molluscum contagiosum virus
  
  • Human skin lesions