3.6 - Social Behaviour Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a social hierarchy

A

a rank order within a group of animals

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2
Q

what type of members does a social hierarchy consist of?

A

dominant and subordinate

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3
Q

what do dominant individuals carry out?

A

ritualistic (threat) displays

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4
Q

what do subordinate individuals carry out?

A

appeasement behaviour to reduce conflict

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5
Q

what does a social hierarchy do to inheritance of genes by offspring?

A

increases the chance of the dominant animal’s favourable genes being passed on to offspring

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6
Q

What can animals do to increase their social status?(in a group)

A

throw a party… ha jk they actually form alliances in the group (in a social hierarchy)

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7
Q

give all positive reasons for co-operative hunting

A

-benefits subordinate individuals
-benefits dominant individuals
-increases food foraged
-less energy used per individual
-enables larger prey to be caught
-increases chance of success
(no negative reasons given)

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8
Q

give the 2 social defence strategies

A
  • some individuals watch for predators while others forage for food
  • specialised formations to protect young when under attack
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9
Q

what is the benefit of social defence stratagies?

A

increased chance of survival

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10
Q

what is an altruistic behaviour?

A

one which harms the donor individual but benefits the recipient

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11
Q

what is reciprocal altruism?

A

when roles of donor and recipient are swapped in altruistic behaviours- often occurs in social animals

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12
Q

where is seemingly altruistic behaviour common?

A

in related animals (kin)

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13
Q

the following is an explanation of what? “favours the reproductive success of an organism’s relatives, even at a cost to the organism’s own survival and reproduction”

A

kin selection

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14
Q

why does kin selection occur?

A

to increase the chance of the survival of shared genes by the recipients offspring or future offspring

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15
Q

name 4 social insects

A

bees,wasps,ants,termites

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16
Q

what types of insect individual contribute reproductively?

A

queens and drones

17
Q

what are the majority of insects in a colony?

A

sterile

18
Q

give examples of workers’ roles

A

defending the hive, collecting pollen and carrying out waggle dances

19
Q

what are waggle dances?

A

dances to indicates the direction, distance and quality of food

20
Q

what do sterile workers do in terms of relatives?

A

raise them to increase the survival of shared genes

21
Q

what group of animals has a long period of parental care?

A

primates

22
Q

why do primates have a long period of parental care?

A

to learn complex social behaviour

23
Q

what do complex social behaviours do to the social hierarchy?

A

support it

24
Q

why do complex social behaviours support the social hierarchy

A

they reduce conflict through ritualistic display and appeasement behaviour

25
Q

give the 4 types of ritualistic display/appeasement behaviour

A

grooming, facial expression, body posture, sexual presentation

26
Q

primates form ……… between individuals to increase social status

A

alliances