2.2 : Cellular Respiration Flashcards
What is glycolysis
the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate
Where does glycolysis take place?
cytoplasm
What is required for the phosphorylation of glucose?
ATP
What are the 3 stages of cellular respiration?
glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain
what is atp required for in glycolysis?
- the phosphorylation of glucose
- the 3 intermediate stages of the energy investment stage
what is invested in the energy investment stage of glycolysis?
2 atp
what is the pay off of the energy pay off stage of glycolysis?
4 atp (+2)
what happens to pyruvate in aerobic conditions?
it is broken down into an acetyle group that combines with coenzyme A forming acetyle coenzyme A
what are the products of the citric acid cycle?
co2 atp nadh (h ions)
what combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate?
acetyle group from acetyle coenzyme A
what process in the citric acid cycle results in the generation of atp and co2?
citrate converting back into oxaloacetate
where does the citric acid cycle take place?
matrix of mitochondria
what enzyme removes hydrogen ions and electrons in glycolysis/citric acid cycle?
dehydrogenase
what does dehydrogenase pass hydrogen ions and electrons to? and what does it form?
nad-nadh
what does nadh pass electrons and hydrogen ions to?
the electron transport chain
where is the electron transport chain?
inner mitochondrial membrane
what is the electron transport chain?
a series of carrier proteins (attached to the inner mitochondrial membrane)
what is produced when electrons are passed along the electron transport chain?
energy
what does the energy produced by the electron transport chain do?
allows hydrogen ions to be pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane
what do the hydrogen ions flow through?
the membrane protein atp synthase
what does the flow of hydrogen ions through atp synthase produce?
atp
what is the fate of the hydrogen ions and electrons?
they combine with oxygen to produce water
where does fermentation take place?
the cytoplasm
what causes fermentation?
absence of oxygen
what is fermentation in animal cells?
pyruvate is converted to lactate (reversible reaction) atp is produced
what is fermentation in plant and yeast cells?
ethanol and co2 are produced (irreversible reaction) atp is produced
what is always produced in fermentation?
atp
does fermentaion make more or less atp than aerobic respiration?
less
what is the role of atp in the transfer of energy?
atp is used to transfer energy to cellular processes which require energy
Why can’t respiration occur in anaerobic conditions
Oxygen is the final hydrogen acceptor
