1.1 - The structure of DNA

Question 1

What are the main parts of a nucleotide?

Answer 1

deoxyribose sugar, phosphate, base

Question 2

what forms the genetic code?

Answer 2

the base sequence of DNA

Question 3

what forms along a strand of nucleotides?

Answer 3

sugar-phosphate backbone

Question 4

A -

G -

Answer 4

T

C

Question 5

describe DNAs structure

Answer 5

antiparallel, double stranded, double helix

Question 6

what is at the 3’ end?

Answer 6

deoxyribose sugar

Question 7

what is at the 5’ end?

Answer 7

phosphate

Question 8

how is DNA organised in prokaryotes?

Answer 8

a single circular chromosome and smaller circular plasmids

Question 9

how is DNA organised in eukaryotes?

Answer 9

linear chromosomes in the nucleus which are tightly coiled and packaged with associated proteins. They also contain small circles in mitochondria and chloroplasts. Yeast also has plasmids.

Question 10

what are associated proteins packaged with DNA known as?

Answer 10

histones

Question 11

give examples of prokaryotes

Answer 11

bacteria and archea

Question 12

give examples of eukaryotes

Answer 12

plants, animals, fungi