2.7 - Genetic control of metabolism Flashcards
how can wild strains of microorganisms be improved
mutagenesis recombinant DNA technology
exposure to what results in mutations
UV light or other radiation mutagenic chemicals
what does recombinant DNA technology involve the use of
recombinant plasmid and artificial chromosomes both used as vectors
what is a vector
a DNA molecule used to carry foreign genetic information into another cell
when are artificial chromosomes preferable to plasmids as vectors
when larger fragments of foreign DNA are required to be inserted
what do restriction endonucleases do
cut open plasmid cut specific genes out of chromosomes leaving sticky ends
when are complementary sticky ends produced
when the same restriction endonuclease is used to cut open the plasmid as the gene from the chromosome
what does ligase do in recombinant DNA technology
seals the gene into the plasmid
what do recombinant plasmid and artificial chromosomes contain
restriction sites, regulatory sequences, an origin of replication and selectable markers
what do restriction sites contain
target sequences of DNA where specific restriction endonucleases cut
what do regulatory sequences control
gene expression
what does the origin of replication allow
self replication of the plasmid/artificial chromosome
name a selectable marker
antibiotic resistance
what do selectable markers do
protect the microorganism from a selective agent in (antibiotic) that would normally kill it or prevent it growing
what do selectable markers in vectors ensure
that only microorganisms that have taken up the vector grow in the presence of the selective agent (antibiotic)
