3.4 - Attitudes Towards Empire and Role of Individuals Flashcards
What principle did Gandhi advocate for resisting British rule?
Satyagraha, which is based on peaceful protests and rejecting violence
What did Gandhi aim for in terms of religious unity?
A united India with tolerance and equal rights for Hindus and Muslims
What societal structure did Gandhi oppose?
The caste system, particularly discrimination against ‘untouchables’
What was Gandhi’s vision for India’s economy?
A predominantly agricultural and rural society rejecting urbanisation and industrialisation
What did Gandhi do in 1907?
Set out his commitment to ordinary people and condemned the hardships under British rule
What significant role did Gandhi take on in 1915?
He became President of the Indian National Congress
What was the outcome of Gandhi’s campaign against the Rowlatt Act in 1919?
He began his campaign for full Indian independence following the Amritsar massacre
What was the Non-Cooperation Movement?
A movement where taxes were withheld, British titles returned, and imported goods were boycotted
Fill in the blank: Gandhi’s anti-salt tax campaign culminated in a 24-day march to _______.
Dandi
What did Gandhi do during the Round Table Conference in 1931?
Claimed to speak for the whole of India, questioning the presence of other representatives
What was the Quit India Movement?
A movement organized by Gandhi during WWII that led to his arrest
Who led Congress when Indian independence was achieved in 1947?
Jawaharlal Nehru
What was Subhas Chandra Bose’s approach to independence?
He was prepared to use violence and formed the Indian National Army
What was Muhammad Ali Jinnah’s position regarding Indian independence?
He led the Muslim League to support partition over a united India
True or False: Gandhi was able to force the British to change their policies during the independence movement.
False
What global event significantly affected India’s path to independence?
World War Two
What was a key factor in the Labour government’s approach to Indian independence?
They were amenable to granting India independence
Fill in the blank: In the 1930s, the prospect of actual power became the overriding issue, leading to _______ among different factions.
self-interest
What was the primary job of colonial administrators during the period 1914-47?
To collect taxes and maintain stability and order in the face of growing nationalist movements.
What significant change occurred to the imperial administration in London in 1925?
The Colonial Office was split into two departments: the Dominions Office and the Colonial Office.
What was the ‘dual mandate’ proposed in 1931?
The belief that a colonial power had a double responsibility to its colonial peoples and to the outside world.
Who was Edwin Montagu?
Secretary of State for India from 1917-22, responsible for reforms leading to the Government of India Act 1919.
What was Lord Chelmsford known for?
Viceroy of India from 1916-21, responsible for reforms leading to the Government of India Act 1919.
Fill in the blank: The Governor-General in the Dominions ceased to be an imperial official after the _______.
Statute of Westminster in 1931.
