2.5 - Attitudes towards Imperialism in Britain Flashcards

1
Q

What was the general attitude of the ruling elites towards the Empire?

A

Empire was widely accepted among the ruling elites.

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2
Q

What significant political event in 1900 reflected popular support for imperialism?

A

Conservatives win in the khaki election of 1900.

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3
Q

How did supporters view the moral responsibility of the Empire?

A

As a burden from God to bring stability, civilisation, and freedom from local oppression.

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4
Q

What was the ultimate goal of liberals regarding the colonies?

A

Education and improvement of the colonies, with the ultimate purpose of self-rule.

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5
Q

What was the stance of both liberals and the new Labour Party on freedom in relation to the Empire?

A

Supported freedom through empire rather than freedom from empire.

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6
Q

Who was Lord Salisbury, and what was his view on imperialism?

A

Conservative PM 3 times and moderate imperialist who believed European rule was important for the advancement of ‘backward races’.

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7
Q

What did Joseph Chamberlain argue regarding the Empire’s role in national crisis?

A

Only the Empire could solve the national crisis of industrial and military advances of other powers.

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8
Q

What was the Round Table movement founded in 1909 intended to achieve?

A

To promote a closer union between Britain and its self-governing colonies.

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9
Q

When was Empire Day first officially recognized in Parliament?

A

In 1916.

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10
Q

Who was John A. Hobson, and what was his view on imperial expansion?

A

A critic who believed imperial expansion was ‘a capitalist plot’ that benefited a small elite of rich capitalists

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11
Q

What was Emily Hobhouse known for?

A

Writing reports that led to a government enquiry into conditions in British concentration camps

Questioned Empires civilising mission

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12
Q

What was the general liberal stance on colonial conflict?

A

Preferred to disassociate from excessive imperialism of the right-wing conservatives.

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13
Q

Who shaped British attitudes towards the Empire before 1914?

A

Rudyard Kipling (White Mans Burden)

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14
Q

What types of literature were popular during the imperial era?

A

Tales of military campaigns

Novels about committed colonists

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15
Q

What was the role of the Boy Scouts movement?

A

Mobilised young people behind imperial themes

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16
Q

What did advertisements during the imperial era frequently utilise?

A

Imperial themes and connotations.

17
Q

What event celebrated the military power of Britain in 1897?

A

Queen Victoria’s diamond jubilee.

18
Q

What was the significance of the Daily Mail founded by Alfred Harmsworth?

A

Pioneered cheap, populist newspapers aimed at the lower middle classes

Served news cooked rather than raw

19
Q

True or False: Most imperialists argued against the economic benefits of Empire.

20
Q

What was a major concern in Britain after the Boer War?

A

National Efficiency

The concern arose from the inability to recruit fit soldiers, with many men unfit for active service.

21
Q

Why was it difficult to recruit soldiers from within Britain during the Boer War?

A

Many men were not fit for active service due to poor living conditions and diet

22
Q

What percentage of volunteers were turned away from military service across Britain?

A

40% due to the poor fitness levels

23
Q

What was the impact of the 1902 Education Act?

A

Raised standards and extent of education, leading to 1000 new secondary schools

24
Q

What significant battleship was launched in 1906?

A

HMS Dreadnaught

This battleship marked a new phase of naval development to compete with Germany.

25
Q

How did public attention shift during the period after the Boer War?

A

Moved away from Empire towards home conditions and European rivals

26
Q

Fill in the blank: The industrial north-west was considered the _______ area in terms of military fitness.