2.6 - Relations with Indigenous People Flashcards
What political opposition emerged in India during the 1890s?
Political opposition grew amongst the educated Indian professional classes.
What was the significance of nationalist newspapers in India during the 1890s?
They served as an outlet for protest against British rule.
Who was Bal Tilak and what was his role in the Indian independence movement?
First leader of the Indian independence movement
‘the father of the Indian unrest’.
What happened to Bal Tilak for inciting hostilities?
He was imprisoned for stirring up hostilities and accused of inciting the murder of a medical officer.
What event prompted opposition in India?
The partition of Bengal.
What was the swadeshi campaign?
A campaign for self-sufficiency designed to undermine British rule.
What were the methods of protest used during the swadeshi campaign?
Petitions, protests, and public boycotts of British goods.
What was the result of the swadeshi campaign in Bengal?
Bengal was reunited in 1911.
What significant military action did Kitchener take in the Sudan?
He conquered the Egyptian Sudan culminating in the Battle of Omdurman.
What was the economic impact of British rule in Sudan?
It led to considerable economic development, especially in the Nile valley.
How did the Sudanese perceive British rule after the Mahdist regime?
They saw it as exchanging one oppressor for another.
What was the general threat level of indigenous people to British rule by 1914?
Most threats were mild, primarily through newspapers, with some active opposition.
True or False: Indigenous people posed a major threat to British rule by 1914.
False.
What political rights were denied to the Uitlanders?
They were effectively denied the vote despite paying taxes
What demand did Milner make at the Bloemfontein Conference in 1899?
He demanded the Transvaal grant voting rights to the Uitlanders
Kruger refused this demand
What event triggered the outbreak of the Boer War?
Kruger issued an ultimatum demanding British withdrawal from the border of the Boer republic.
The British stood firm as they sought unification of SA under their control, leading to war
What economic factor contributed to the tensions leading to the Boer War?
The discovery of gold on the Rand in 1886 increased the Transvaal’s prestige and power.
What was the Jameson Raid?
An attempt to start an uprising in the Transvaal that desperately failed 1895 resulting in major embarrassment
Who was Cecil Rhodes?
The Prime Minister of Cape Colony from 1890-96, aiming for a South African Federation.
He was hostile towards Kruger.
What was the scorched earth policy implemented by Kitchener?
A strategy involving the incineration of Boer farms and livestock
What were the conditions like in the concentration camps during the Boer War?
Horrendous, with many people perishing from malnutrition and disease
About 11,500 people were in these camps by the end of the war.
How many British soldiers died from disease during the Boer War?
More than 16,000
Nearly three times as many as those killed by enemy action.
What did humanitarians and socialists think about the use of concentration camps?
They considered it barbaric
This criticism highlighted ethical concerns about wartime policies.
What were the anticipated costs and outcomes of the Boer War?
Expected to last 3-4 months, involve 75,000 troops, and cost no more than £10 million.
It lasted nearly 3 years, involved 400,000 troops, and cost £230 million.
What was the impact of the Boer War on Britain’s imperial control?
It highlighted Britain’s vulnerability and the cost of imposing its will on others.
Britain had to call on troops from other parts of the Empire.
What was the Treaty of Vereeniging?
A treaty that ended the war and granted the Boers £3 million compensation to restore their farms.
Signed in May 1902
When was self-government granted to the Transvaal?
In 1906
What significant political development occurred in 1910 in South Africa?
The establishment of the Union of South Africa as an independent Dominion within the British Empire
True or False: The British rule showed great regard for indigenous people.
False
Indigenous people were often intimidated and coerced into accepting British rule.
Fill in the blank: Imperialists claimed their actions were in the best interests of _______.
Native peoples
