1.5 - Attitudes to Imperialism in Britain Flashcards
What was the British government’s role in Empire before the mid-1800s?
The British government did not pursue a very active or interventionist role in Empire due to slow communications, lack of institutions, and a general lack of commitment to intervention.
What were the main concerns of Britain regarding the Empire in the early 19th century?
The Empire was bound up with a sense of nationalist prestige and identity, but the freedom to trade and access to markets were the primary concerns.
What was the attitude of Disraeli and Gladstone towards Empire before 1870?
Both were against Empire, believing it unnecessary and financially counter-productive. Yet they were ‘reluctant imperialists’
What economic factors contributed to the change in attitude towards Empire in the 1870s?
Britain’s economy was relatively unsophisticated and faced competition from stronger industrial nations, leading to a search for overseas investment outlets.
Who was Disraeli?
Conservative party leader and Prime Minister in 1868 and between 1874-1880.
Bought the shares for the Suez
What significant title did Queen Victoria receive in 1876, facilitated by Disraeli?
Empress of India.
What was William Gladstone’s political background?
He served as Prime Minister and Chancellor of the Exchequer on four occasions and was the leader of the newly formed Liberal Party from 1868.
How did Disraeli’s and Gladstone’s views on Empire differ?
Disraeli was more supportive of imperial expansion while Gladstone preferred to focus on developing existing colonies and self-government.
What was Gladstone’s approach to the Empire?
He aimed to develop existing colonies towards self-government and distinguished between ‘imperialism’ (which he opposed) and ‘empire’ (which he supported).
What was the outcome of the first Boer War during Gladstone’s government?
Following British defeat at Majuba Hill, Gladstone declined to commit further troops, lives, or money to maintain British control over Southern Africa.
What was the impact of the Education Act of 1870 on British attitudes toward Empire?
It increased national literacy rates, allowing more people access to stories of Empire.
What role did popular press play in shaping attitudes towards Empire?
The growing popular press reported on exotic stories and heroism, influencing public opinion and promoting imperialist agendas.
What was the Great Exhibition of 1851?
An event that received 6 million visitors and showcased British industrial and cultural superiority.
What was the role of exhibitions in reinforcing British superiority?
They were intended as educational but became more imperial and entertaining, showcasing Britain’s wealth, brave explorers such as Gordon and industrial development.
What genre of literature became popular in the context of Empire?
Adventure tales
What was the Boys’ Own Paper and its significance?
A publication that featured stories of adventure and military bravery, appealing to younger readers and reinforcing imperialistic values.
What was the impact of Darwin’s On the Origin of Species on views of race?
It encouraged the view that white races were naturally superior, influencing quasi-scientific racial theories.
What did Gladstone’s involvement in Egypt aim to protect?
Safe passage to India and protection of British investments.
True or False: Gladstone was enthusiastic about colonial expansion.
False.
How many visitors attended the Colonial and Indian Exhibition in 1886?
5.5 million visitors
The exhibition aimed to demonstrate the wealth and industrial development of the British Empire.
Where was the Colonial and Indian Exhibition held?
South Kensington
The exhibition was designed to attract both British and foreign visitors.
What architectural style was used for the buildings of the 1886 exhibition?
Indian style
This included a huge princely gateway.
What types of artefacts were displayed at the 1886 exhibition?
Ceremonial swords, fly-swatters, and various other items
What types of items were included in the trophy display at the African Exhibition?
Shields, spears, axes, throwing knives, an African hut, and two boys from Bechuanaland
These items represented the cultures of Africa and the impact of British exploration.
