Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AQA History A Level British Empire > 1.4 - Attitudes to Empire and Role of Individuals > Flashcards

1.4 - Attitudes to Empire and Role of Individuals Flashcards

1
Q

Who was David Livingstone?

A

A Scottish explorer and missionary doctor known for his travels in Africa.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What was the primary goal of David Livingstone’s explorations?

A

To open a path for commerce and Christianity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Between which years did David Livingstone travel extensively in Africa?

A

1841-1856.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What significant geographical features did David Livingstone discover?

A
  • Lake Ngami (1849)
  • Zambezi Falls (later Victoria Falls, 1855)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What was the title of David Livingstone’s bestselling book?

A

Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many copies did Livingstone’s book sell in seven months?

A

28,000 copies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What was David Livingstone’s stance on the slave trade?

A

He was determined to end the slave trade in Central and East Africa.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Who was sent to find David Livingstone after he lost contact with Europe?

A

Henry Morton Stanley.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What were the causes of David Livingstone’s death?

A

Malaria and dysentery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Who was John Kirk?

A

A Scottish physician and chief medical officer for Livingstone’s Zambezi expedition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What was John Kirk’s role in Zanzibar?

A

He was a medical officer, vice-consul, and negotiated control from the sultan to the Imperial British East African Company.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What commercial interests did Zanzibar have for Britain?

A
  • Clove exports
  • Ivory exports
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Who was Sir Richard Burton?

A

A linguistic scholar, explorer, soldier, diplomat, and adventurer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What was significant about Sir Richard Burton’s linguistic abilities?

A

He spoke 29 languages.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What controversial topics did Burton write about?

A
  • Birth
  • Marriage
  • Death
  • Fetishism
  • Cannibalism
  • Sexual education of women
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which important African lakes did Burton explore?

A

Lake Tanganyika.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What was the nature of Burton’s motivation for exploration?

A

His spirit of adventure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Fill in the blank: David Livingstone wrote approximately _____ letters about his exploration of the Zambezi river.

A

2000.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

True or False: John Kirk was committed to maintaining the slave trade in Africa.

A

False.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What was one of the first steam railways in East Africa located?

A

Zanzibar.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Who was John Speke?

A

An explorer who joined Burton on the quest to find the source of the Nile.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What significant geographical feature did John Speke discover?

A

Lake Victoria, which he argued was the source of the Nile.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What was the outcome of the debate between John Speke and Burton?

A

Speke died in a shooting accident before a public debate with Burton.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What areas did John Speke explore?

A

Somaliland, East African Coast, Lake Tanganyika, Southern Sudan, Lake Albert, Lake Victoria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What was published in 1863 and 1864?

A

Accounts of John Speke’s explorations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Who was Sir Harry Johnstone?

A

A linguist, painter, botanist, explorer, and colonial administrator.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What areas did Sir Harry Johnstone explore?

A

East Africa, Tunisia, Congo, Angola, Mount Kilimanjaro.

28
Q

What role did Sir Harry Johnstone play in British imperialism?

A

He made treaties with local chiefs, bringing large amounts of land under British control.

29
Q

What phrase did Sir Harry Johnstone coin?

A

‘Cape to Cairo’.

30
Q

What was Henry Morton Stanley’s profession before becoming an explorer?

A

He was a journalist for the New York Herald.

31
Q

For whom did Henry Morton Stanley work as an agent?

A

Leopold II of Belgium.

32
Q

What was the purpose of Stanley’s expedition from 1869-71?

A

To find Livingstone.

33
Q

What book did Stanley publish after finding Livingstone?

A

How I Found Livingstone in Central Africa.

34
Q

What role did missionaries play in the empire?

A

They sought to spread Christianity and convert populations.

35
Q

What were Missionary Societies?

A

Organizations that aimed for world-wide conversion and shared a common conviction.

36
Q

Which groups were involved in Missionary Societies?

A

Anglicans, Roman Catholics, non-conformist groups like Methodists.

37
Q

What did Missionary Societies produce to gain support?

A

Pamphlets to relay stories and gain financial backers.

38
Q

Why did people become missionaries?

A

Out of moral compulsion and deep religious conviction.

39
Q

Fill in the blank: Missionaries hoped to create Christian bases that would become _______.

A

[self-financing, self-governing, and expansionist].

40
Q

True or False: Many missionaries returned home safely after their missions.

A

False.

41
Q

What role did missionary societies play in British imperialism?

A

They helped open territories by:
* Penetrating beyond colonial frontiers
* Establishing links with indigenous communities
* Seeking imperial protection
* Acting as local trading agents
* Sharing geographical and strategic knowledge

Missionaries often acted as intermediaries between indigenous populations and colonial authorities.

42
Q

What significant event did Methodist missionaries from Australia contribute to in 1874?

A

The establishment of British rule in Fiji

Their missionary efforts were instrumental in facilitating British colonial governance.

43
Q

Who was John Mackenzie and what was his influence?

A

He pressured the British government to establish a protectorate over Bechuanaland and became its Deputy Commissioner

His advocacy played a crucial role in expanding British interests in Africa.

44
Q

How did missionaries perceive Africa compared to India?

A

Africa was seen as ‘virgin territory’ with primitive beliefs, while India had a sophisticated civilization with entrenched beliefs.

This perception influenced their missionary strategies and focus.

45
Q

What social reforms were introduced by women missionaries in India?

A
  • Educating women
  • Preventing girls from being used as temple prostitutes
  • Banning the practice of Sati (widow burning)

Notable figures include Mary Slessor, Amy Carmichael, and Mary Carpenter.

46
Q

What were missionary groups known to establish for safety?

A

Compounds and farms

These served as bases for their operations and provided a degree of security.

47
Q

What were missionaries known to offer to local populations?

A
  • Material gain
  • Education
  • Christianity

These offerings often aimed at converting locals to Christianity.

48
Q

What was the fate of Revd. Carl Volkner in New Zealand?

A

He was killed by the Opotiki Maoris for discouraging bloodshed during a tribal war.

His death highlighted the dangers faced by missionaries in hostile environments.

49
Q

What was the impact of missionaries in Nigeria between 1886-1895?

A

There were more Anglicans in Nigeria than in England

This period marked a significant increase in Christian conversion in the region.

50
Q

What was the number of missionaries in the field by the end of the 19th century?

A

Approximately 12,000 missionaries

This reflects the extensive missionary activity during that period.

51
Q

What was Lord Salisbury’s view on missionaries?

A

He denounced them as vulgar radicals

Salisbury believed their actions conflicted with the imperial goal of increasing Britain’s wealth and power.

52
Q

Who was Cecil Rhodes and what was his contribution to British imperialism?

A

He was a colonial administrator who:
* Annexed territory around the Zambesi river
* Founded the British South Africa Company
* Amassed wealth from diamond mining

Rhodes played a pivotal role in expanding British influence in southern Africa.

53
Q

What company did Cecil Rhodes create in 1888?

A

De Beers Consolidated Mines Company

This company became synonymous with diamond mining.

54
Q

What was William Mackinnon’s role in East Africa?

A

He founded the Imperial British East Africa Company and helped establish British control in the region.

His efforts were instrumental in opening up new markets for British trade.

55
Q

What did George Goldie accomplish in the Niger Basin?

A

He united trading firms to create the Royal Niger Company and secured a protectorate over the Niger River region.

His actions were crucial in establishing British colonial influence in Nigeria.

56
Q

Fill in the blank: Cecil Rhodes annexed territory around the _______ river.

A

Zambesi

This annexation was part of his broader imperial ambitions.

57
Q

What was the role of ‘men on the spot’ in the British Empire?

A

They were crucial in extending British interests and often had considerable discretion to interpret instructions.

‘Men on the spot’ included directors, governors, high commissioners, and consuls.

58
Q

Who were some notable individuals that started as explorers, missionaries, or traders?

A

William Mackinnon, Cecil Rhodes, George Goldie, John Kirk.

These figures played significant roles in the expansion of British imperial interests.

59
Q

What was Sir Evelyn Baring’s title after becoming Earl of Cromer?

A

Earl of Cromer in 1901.

He was a significant colonial administrator in Egypt.

60
Q

What characterized Sir Evelyn Baring’s administrative style?

A

High efficiency, arrogant, patronising, hard-working, fair, inflexible, and a sense of British superiority.

He was seen as a typical Victorian colonial administrator.

61
Q

What was the Dufferin Report of 1883?

A

It established an Egypt ‘puppet’ parliament with no power and asserted the need for British supervision of reforms.

This report was pivotal in establishing British control over Egypt.

62
Q

What was Sir Bartle Frere’s role after the Indian Mutiny in 1857?

A

He received a knighthood and joined the Viceroy’s council at Calcutta.

His support during the mutiny was key to his advancement.

63
Q

What position did Sir Bartle Frere hold in South Africa?

A

High Commissioner and Governor of the Cape Colony from 1877.

He was involved in the planned confederation of British South Africa.

64
Q

What action did Frere take regarding the Zulus?

A

He deliberately provoked a war with the Zulus in December 1878.

He viewed them as an obstacle to federation.

65
Q

What was the outcome of the Zulu War for the British forces?

A

The British forces suffered a shocking defeat at Isandlwana in January 1879.

This defeat was significant in the context of British military history.

66
Q

What was the consequence of the high cost of the Zulu War for Frere?

A

He was officially reprimanded and withdrawn from South Africa by Gladstone’s liberal government in 1880.

His actions were deemed reckless.

67
Q

Fill in the blank: Sir Evelyn Baring was sent to Egypt in ______ to help Isma’il Pasha.

A

1877

His initial advice was ignored during this mission.

AQA History A Level British Empire (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions