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Chemistry > 3.3.9- Carboxlyic Acids And Esters > Flashcards

3.3.9- Carboxlyic Acids And Esters Flashcards

1
Q

Basic structure of carboxylic acid

A

Draw

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2
Q

Basic structure of ester

A

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3
Q

What strength are carboxylic acids

A

Weak acids

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4
Q

What happens when carboxylic acid react with carbonates

A

Produce CO2

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5
Q

Show basic equation for making an ester

A

Carboxylic acid + alcohol – ester and water

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6
Q

Show the reaction to make ethyl propanoate

A

Propanoic acid + ethanol – ethyl propanoate + water

CH3CH2COOH + CH3CH2OH– CH3CH2COOCH2CH3

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7
Q

What are the conditions needed for esterfication

A

Strong acid catalyst -H2SO4

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8
Q

Uses of esters

A

Food flavourings
Solvents
Plasticisers

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9
Q

General structure of oils and fats

A

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10
Q

What are oils /fats hydrolysed to

A

Form propan-1,2,3-triol

Which is glycerol and carboxylic acids

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11
Q

Draw the hydrolysis if oils/fats

A

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12
Q

How do you make soap

A

Heat oil with concentrated sodium hydroxide produces glycerol and sodium salt of carboxylic acids

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13
Q

What are sodium salts

A

Soaps

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14
Q

Show equation to make soap

A

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15
Q

Show equation to make biodiesel

A

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16
Q

What is Acylation

A

The insertion of an Acyl group into a compound

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17
Q

What is the Acyl group

A

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18
Q

Basic structure of acid anhydride

A

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19
Q

Basic structure of Acyl chloride

A

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20
Q

Basic structure of amides

A

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21
Q 
In nucleophilic addition elimination what are the products of 
Water 
Alcohols 
Ammonia 
Amines
A

Carboxylic acids
Esters
Amides
N-substituted amides

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22
Q

Draw the mechanism of Acyl chloride with water

A

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23
Q

Draw the mechanism of Acyl chloride with alcohols

A

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24
Q

Draw Acylation mechanism for Acyl chloride with amine

A

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25
Q

Draw Acylation mechanism for Acyl chloride with ammonia

26
Q

What does a second mole of amine make in Acylation

27
Q

What does a second mile of ammonia make in Acylation

A

Makes NH4+ Cl-

28
Q

Draw Acylation mechanism for Acid anhydrides with water

29
Q

Draw Acylation mechanism for Acid anhydrides with alcohol

30
Q

Draw Acylation mechanism for Acid anhydrides with amine

31
Q

Draw Acylation mechanism for Acid anhydrides with ammonia

32
Q

What does second mole of amine make in Acylation with anhydrides

A

R1C=O
|
O-N+H3R2

33
Q

What does second mole of ammonia make in Acylation with acid anhydride

A

R1C=O
|
O-NH4+

34
Q

What is more useful in industry ethanoic anhydride or ethanoyl chloride

A

Ethanoic anhydride

35
Q

Why is ethanoic anhydride more useful than ethanoyl chloride in industry

A

Cheaper
Less corrosive
Less vulnerable to hydrolysis
Less dangerous reaction

36
Q

What is ethanoic anhydride and ethanoyl chloride used to make

A

Fibres

Aspirin

37
Q

Why is ethanoyl chloride more useful in laboratory’s thank ethanoic anhydride

A

More reactive

Cleaner product and reaction

38
Q

What does benzene look like

39
Q

Molecular formula of benzene

40
Q

Structure of benzene

41
Q

Bond length of benzene

A

Intermediate between single and double

42
Q

Explain the bonds in benzene

A

Each C bonded to 2 other C and 1 H so 1 unused electron
Unused electron is perpendicular to plane in p orbital
P orbitals overlap to form pi bonds negative charge above and below

43
Q

What makes benzene even more stable

A

The electrons are delocalised so travel through whole system repelling each other making extra stable

44
Q

What was the proposed structure of benzene and what would it be called

A

Draw

Triene

45
Q

Evidence against triene

A

1)C-C bond length
All the bonds are same length on triene there not 2) addition reactions
Benzene does not readily undergo these reactions (de colourising bromine water ) where as triene would
3) enthalpy of hydrogenation
Expect triene to react with 3H2 to form cyclohexane releasing 360KJ/mol(3x120) it only release 208 showing benzene is 152 more stable than triene extra stability because is delocalised electrons

46
Q

What is extra stability called in benzene

A

Delocalisation stability

47
Q

What is aromatic ring attacked by and why

A

Electrophile because is very electron rich

48
Q

What reaction does and dosent benzene go through and why

A

Does go through substitution because h atom replaced but not addition as would lose delocalisation and extra stability

49
Q

Reagents and conditions needed for nitration

A

Conc HNO3 and conc H2SO4

50C

50
Q

Nitration generation of electrophile

A

HNO3+ H2SO4– NO2+ + 2HSo4- +H3O+

51
Q

Nitration mechanism

52
Q

Regeneration of catalyst

A

H++ HSO4- — H2SO4

53
Q

Conditions for Friedel Crafts Acylation and why

A

Need alcl3 and anhydrous (water has lone pairs )

54
Q

Generation of electrophile in acyl chloride mechanism

55
Q

Friedel Crafts Acylation Acyl chloride mechanism

56
Q

Friedel Crafts Acylation regeneration of catalyst Acyl chloride

57
Q

Friedel Crafts acid anhydride generation of electrophile

58
Q

Friedel Crafts acid anhydride mechanism

59
Q

Friedel Crafts acid anhydride regeneration of catalyst

60
Q

Importance of nitration

A

1) manufactures of explosives

2) production of aromatic amines by reduction armotic nitro compound use Sn and HCl

Chemistry (29 decks)

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