3.3.1- Intro To Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Definition of empirical formula
The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
Definition of molecular formula
Shows actual number of atoms of each element in a compound
Definition of general formula
The number of atoms of each element in a substance which has n carbon atoms. All the molecules in a homologous series have general formula
Definition of structural formula
How the atoms are joined in a molecule
Define displayed formula
Shows all atoms and all bonds in a molecule
Define skeletal formula
Uses lines to represent bonds each point represents a carbon atom, H atoms and bonds to H atoms are not shown only if they are part of a functional group
Characteristics of homologous series
- A series of compounds of similar structure each member differs by a relating unit
- share general formula
- contain same functional group
- similar chemical properties
- gradual change in p. Properties
- prepared in similar methods
Define functional group
The atoms or group of atoms that is responsible for most of the chemical reactions of a molecule
What is a trival name ?
Based on some property or historical aspects
Systematic names meaning
Based on agreed set of rules (IUPAC) exact structure can be found from name
Systematic name
Stem
Suffix
Stem - number of carbon atoms in longest chain bearing the functional group and a prefix showing the position and identity of any side chains
Suffix - an ending that tells you which functional group is present
Alkanes name for each carbon atoms
Meth -1 Eth - 2 Prop - 3 But- 4 Pent - 5. Hex- 6 Hept- 7 Oct - 8 Non- 9 Dec-10
General rule for nomenclature for the stem
Look for longest chain
Carbon atoms must be in a continuous row
Uses prefixes
General rule for nomenclature side chains
Named before chain name
Prefix -yl to basic stem
Lowest number on side chain
General rule for nomenclature for more than 1 side chain
- alphabetical order
- Lowest numbers
- Each chain given own number
- identical chain prefix with di,Teri, tetra
- number separated from name by ‘-‘
- number separated from number by ‘,’
How are alkenes named
- ene as ending
- show location if double bond
How are alkynes named
-yne ending
Define structural isomer
Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural formula
Give 2 example of an isomer of C6H14
Hexane
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2-methylpentane
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Types of structural isomerism
Chain isomers
Position isomer
Functional group isomers
Define chain isomers
The carbon chain is different
Position isomerism
Functional group can be in different position on the carbon resulting in new isomers
Functional groups isomers
Some compounds with sane molecular formula can contain different functional groups
