3.3.1- Intro To Organic Chemistry

Question 1

Definition of empirical formula

Answer 1

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 2

Definition of molecular formula

Answer 2

Shows actual number of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 3

Definition of general formula

Answer 3

The number of atoms of each element in a substance which has n carbon atoms. All the molecules in a homologous series have general formula

Question 4

Definition of structural formula

Answer 4

How the atoms are joined in a molecule

Question 5

Define displayed formula

Answer 5

Shows all atoms and all bonds in a molecule

Question 6

Define skeletal formula

Answer 6

Uses lines to represent bonds each point represents a carbon atom, H atoms and bonds to H atoms are not shown only if they are part of a functional group

Question 7

Characteristics of homologous series

Answer 7

• A series of compounds of similar structure each member differs by a relating unit
• share general formula
• contain same functional group
• similar chemical properties
• gradual change in p. Properties
• prepared in similar methods

Question 8

Define functional group

Answer 8

The atoms or group of atoms that is responsible for most of the chemical reactions of a molecule

Question 9

What is a trival name ?

Answer 9

Based on some property or historical aspects

Question 10

Systematic names meaning

Answer 10

Based on agreed set of rules (IUPAC) exact structure can be found from name

Question 11

Systematic name

Stem
Suffix

Answer 11

Stem - number of carbon atoms in longest chain bearing the functional group and a prefix showing the position and identity of any side chains

Suffix - an ending that tells you which functional group is present

Question 12

Alkanes name for each carbon atoms

Answer 12

Meth -1 
Eth - 2 
Prop - 3 
But- 4 
Pent - 5. 
Hex- 6 
Hept- 7 
Oct - 8 
Non- 9 
Dec-10

Question 13

General rule for nomenclature for the stem

Answer 13

Look for longest chain
Carbon atoms must be in a continuous row
Uses prefixes

Question 14

General rule for nomenclature side chains

Answer 14

Named before chain name
Prefix -yl to basic stem
Lowest number on side chain

Question 15

General rule for nomenclature for more than 1 side chain

Answer 15

• alphabetical order
• Lowest numbers
• Each chain given own number
• identical chain prefix with di,Teri, tetra
• number separated from name by ‘-‘
• number separated from number by ‘,’

Question 16

How are alkenes named

Answer 16

• ene as ending

- show location if double bond

Question 17

How are alkynes named

Answer 17

-yne ending

Question 18

Define structural isomer

Answer 18

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural formula

Question 19

Give 2 example of an isomer of C6H14

Answer 19

Hexane
\/\/\

2-methylpentane

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Question 20

Types of structural isomerism

Answer 20

Chain isomers
Position isomer
Functional group isomers

Question 21

Define chain isomers

Answer 21

The carbon chain is different

Question 22

Position isomerism

Answer 22

Functional group can be in different position on the carbon resulting in new isomers

Question 23

Functional groups isomers

Answer 23

Some compounds with sane molecular formula can contain different functional groups