3.3 Socio-Emotional Development 1

Question 1

define empathy

Answer 1

AFFECTIVE response stemming from apprehension/comprehension of another’s emotional state, similar to the other’s feeling

Question 2

what does empathy require?

Answer 2

differentiation of your own and others’ emotional states/conditiong

Question 3

differentiate sympathy from empathy

Answer 3

AFFECTIVE response of sorrow/concern/pity for distressed/needy others.
YOU DON’T FEEL THESE EMOTIONS YOURSELF

Question 4

what is personal distress? example.

Answer 4

self-focussed, aversive emotional reaction to someone else’s condition
* e.g. discomfort/anxiety that makes you want to leave situation/uncomfortable

Question 5

differentiate personal distress from empathy

Answer 5

• empathy is altruistic, whereas in personal distress you want to alleviate own discomfort

Question 6

outline the Romanes hierarchy of emotions, from most complex –> simplest

Answer 6

shame
revenge
sympathy
jealousy
parental affection
surprise/fear
pleasure/pain

Question 7

which of the Romanes Hierarchy emotions are only enabled by humans being a social species?

Answer 7

• sympathy
• revenge
• shame

Question 8

why do we need to feel empathy?

Answer 8

• awareness of social cues
• increasing comunication

Question 9

describe early ‘conversations’ with infants

Answer 9

• conversational quality to babbled noises between mother-infant
• take turns
• contingent communication (response/response to emotions)

Question 10

outline the still-face procedure by murray and trevarthen 1985

Answer 10

conditions: normal interruption, still face, delayed replay
* tested on babies 6-12 wks
* mothers interacting normally, then apply one of 3 conditions

Question 11

what were babies’ reactions to the still face experiment?

Answer 11

• vocalisation (screeching)
• pointing
• distress

Question 12

what did the still face experiment indicate about contingent exchange?

Answer 12

VERY important
* must recognise baby’s emotions as well and respond appropriately