2.1 Neuropsychology Flashcards
define DALY
Disability-Adjusted Life Years - a measure combining the impact of dying early and living with illness, estimating the years of life lost due to premature death and years lived in ill health/unable to fulfil normal social function –> this is the total years of healthy life lost from disease and injury
what is the most common source of DALY for females 15-24, and then 65+?
15-24: mental disorders and substance abuse - anxiety, depression, eating disorders
65+: dementia
what is the most common source of DALY for males 15-24, and then 65+?
15-24: injuries - self-inflicted, suicide, vehicle accidents, then alcohol disorders
65+: coronary heart disease, then dementia
define neuropsychology
a specialty within psychology focusing on the relationships between brain and behaviour - major focus on cognitive functions, how this impacts emotions and behaviour
what do clinical neuropsychologists do?
- work within health service teams in hospitals/private practice
- assess, diagnose, treat + rehabilitate
- research into neural basis of psychological function
what are the common methods used by clinical neuropsychologists
neuropsychological assesments, cognitive rehabilitation, psychoeducation
what are the common conditions treated by clinical neuropsychologists?
stroke, dementia, traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, neurodevelopmental disorders
explain the case of caitlin little
accidental concussion led to anterograde amnesia; inability to form new memories, so wakes up every day not remembering the last
what does damage to wernicke’s area cause
receptive aphasia: can’t comprehend what’s being said but can speak, it’s just garbled nonsense
what does damage to broca’s area cause
expressive aphasia: can understand things but can’t form words - Tan
what is the research use of neuropsychological assessment
characterising + understanding disorders
understanding + determining the relationship between the brain and behaviour, variance in brain structure and mental abilities
what are the clinical uses of neuropsychological assessment?
- diagnosis
- patient care
- treatment planning + evaluation
- forensic + legal applications
what is the typical order of operations when assessing?
- interview
- testing
- formulation
what does the stroop task? identify primary outline
word on screen in a colour but word is a colour; must say the colour that the word is in
it is a TASK OF INHIBITORY CONTROL
what are the advantages of the CANTAB?
- doesn’t rely on language so better to compare cross-culturally and cross-linguistically
- data collection highly standardised, good reliability
define the process/function approach of assessment
much more inductive - choose the assessments based on individual
* let the client use tools they would normally use to solve problems –> gives you a better idea of compensatory behaviour to cope with impairments
