3.2.6 - Reaction of Metal Aqua Ions Flashcards
Ions in solution
acidic
Acidic solutions of metal ion that form 2+ ions
weaker than those that form 3+ ions
Reaction between solutions of metal ions and NaOH
form a salt and water in a neutralisation reaction
Equation for reaction between [Fe(H2O)6]2+ and NaOH
[Fe(H2O)6]2+ + 2OH- –> [Fe(H2O)4(OH)2] + 2H2O
Equation for reaction between [Cu(H2O)6]2+ and NaOH
[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + 2OH- –> [Cu(H2O)4(OH)2] + 2H2O
Equation for reaction between [Fe(H2O)6]3+ and NaOH
[Fe(H2O)6]3+ + 3OH- –> [Fe(H2O)3(OH)3] + 3H2O
Equation for reaction between [Al(H2O)6]3+ and NaOH
[Al(H2O)6]3+ + 3OH- –> [Al(H2O)3(OH)3] + 3H2O
Colour of [Fe(H2O)4(OH)2] when NaOH has been added
green solution –> green precipitate
Colour of [Cu(H2O)4(OH)2] when NaOH has been added
blue solution –> blue precipitate
Colour of [Fe(H2O)3(OH)3] when NaOH has been added
orange solution –> brown precipitate
Colour of [Al(H2O)3(OH)3] when NaOH has been added
colourless solution –> white precipitate
Equation for addition of H3O+ to [Al(H2O)3(OH)3] when NaOH has been added
[Al(H2O)3(OH)3] –> [Al(H2O)6]3+
Equation for addition of OH- to [Al(H2O)3(OH)3] when NaOH has been added
[Al(H2O)3(OH)3] –> [Al(H2O)2(OH)4]-
Reaction between solutions of metal ions and aqueous ammonia
form a salt and ammonium ions
Equation for reaction between [Fe(H2O)6]2+ and NH3
[Fe(H2O)6]2+ + 2NH3 –> [Fe(H2O)4(OH)2] + 2NH4+
Equation for reaction between [Cu(H2O)6]2+ and NH3
[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + 2NH3 –> [Cu(H2O)4(OH)2] + 2NH4+
Equation for reaction between [Fe(H2O)6]3+ and NH3
[Fe(H2O)6]3+ + 3NH3 –> [Fe(H2O)3(OH)3] + 3NH4+
Equation for reaction between [Al(H2O)6]3+ and NH3
[Al(H2O)6]3+ + 3NH3 –> [Al(H2O)3(OH)3] + 3NH4+
Colour of [Fe(H2O)4(OH)2] when NH3 has been added
green solution –> green precipitate
Colour of [Cu(H2O)4(OH)2] when NH3 has been added
blue solution –> blue precipitate
Colour of [Fe(H2O)3(OH)3] when NH3 has been added
orange solution –> brown precipitate
Colour of [Al(H2O)3(OH)3] when NH3 has been added
colourless solution –> white precipitate
Reaction between copper(II) salt and excess ammonia
ligand substitution
Equation for reaction between [Cu(H2O)4(OH)2] and excess ammonia
[Cu(H2O)4(OH)2] + 4NH3 –> [Cu(H2O)2(NH3)4]2+ + 2H2O + 2OH-
Reaction between solutions of metal 2+ ions and sodium carbonate
form insoluble carbonates and water
Equation for reaction between [Fe(H2O)6]2+ and Na2CO3
[Fe(H2O)6]2+ + CO3 2- –> FeCO3 + 6H2O
Equation for reaction between [Cu(H2O)6]2+ and Na2CO3
[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + CO3 2- –> CuCO3 + 6H2O
Colour of FeCO3 when Na2CO3 has been added
green solution –> green precipitate
Colour of CuCO3 when Na2CO3 has been added
blue solution –> blue-green precipitate
Reaction between solutions of metal 3+ ions and sodium carbonate
form a salt, water and carbon dioxide
Equation for reaction between [Fe(H2O)6]3+ and Na2CO3
2[Fe(H2O)6]3+ + 3CO3 2- –> 2[Fe(H2O)3(OH)3] + 3H2O + 3CO2
Equation for reaction between [Al(H2O)6]3+ and Na2CO3
2[Al(H2O)6]3+ + 3CO3 2- –> 2[Al(H2O)3(OH)3] + 3H2O + 3CO2
Colour of [Fe(H2O)3(OH)3] when Na2CO3 has been added
orange solution –> brown precipitate with gentle bubbles
Colour of [Al(H2O)3(OH)3] when Na2CO3 has been added
colourless solution –> white precipitate with gentle bubbles
Reaction between metal aqua ions and HCl
undergo ligand substitution to form tetrahedral ions with 4 Cl- ligands
Equation for reaction between [Fe(H2O)6]2+ and HCl
[Fe(H2O)6]2+ + 4Cl- –> [FeCl4]2- + 6H2O
Equation for reaction between [Cu(H2O)6]2+ and HCl
[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + 4Cl- –> [CuCl4]2- + 6H2O
Equation for reaction between [Fe(H2O)6]3+ and HCl
[Fe(H2O)6]3+ + 4Cl- –> [FeCl4]- + 6H2O
Equation for reaction between [Al(H2O)6]3+ and HCl
[Al(H2O)6]3+ + 4Cl- –> [AlCl4]- + 6H2O
Colour of [FeCl4]2- when HCl has been added
green solution –> yellow solution
Colour of [CuCl4]2- when HCl has been added
blue solution –> yellow solution
Colour of [FeCl4]- when HCl has been added
orange solution –> yellow solution
Colour of [AlCl4]- when HCl has been added
colourless solution –> colourless solution