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Musculoskeletal > 3.2 Vertebral Column > Flashcards

3.2 Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

fibrous band running anterior to vertebral bodies from base of skull to sacrum, limiting hyperextension

A

anterior longitudinal ligament

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2
Q

runs within vertebral canal, just anterior to spinal cord, stabilizes vertebral bodies

A

posterior longitudinal ligament

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3
Q

defect in pars interarticularis (in between superior and inferior facets), bone breaks most commonly at L5

A

spondylolysis

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4
Q

slipping of vertebra in relation to adjacent inferior vertebra or sacrum, can result in compression of sacral spinal nerves and leg pain

A

spondylolisthesis

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5
Q

anterior concave curvature of vertebral column, most frequently in upper thoracic/lower cervical region in elderly

A

kyphosis (hump back)

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6
Q

an anterior convex curvature of vertebral column, commonly in lumbar spine, can occur with pregnancy

A

lordosis (bending backward)

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7
Q

abnormal lateral/rotational curvature of vertebral column, most frequently initiates during adolescence

A

scoliosis

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8
Q

3 layers of the meninges?

A

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

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9
Q

spinal cords ends in the _________ at ____

A

conus medullaris, L2

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10
Q

from L2 to S2 is called the ___________

A

lumbar cisterna

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11
Q

lumbar cisterna contains the __________ (spinal nerves distal to conus medullaris) and _____________

A

cauda equina, filum terminale

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12
Q

rapidly fatal unless medical intervention occurs

A

C2-3 spinal cord injury

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13
Q

respiratory difficulty and paralysis of all 4 extremities (quadriplegic)

A

C4 spinal cord injury

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14
Q

some shoulder and elbow movement

A

C5 spinal cord injury

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15
Q

shoulder and elbow movements, limited wrist movements

A

C6 spinal cord injury

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16
Q

normal arm movements, limited hand movements

A

C7 spinal cord injury

17
Q

normal arm movements, hand weakness

A

C8 spinal cord injury

18
Q

paraplegic, wheelchair ambulation

A

T1-T10 spinal cord injury

19
Q

may be able to walk with braces

A

T11 spinal cord injury

20
Q

all erector spinae muscles are innervated by ________ of spinal nerves

A

posterior rami

21
Q
  • pain over SI joint, hip, lateral thigh and leg
  • numbness over lateral leg and first 3 toes
  • weakness in dorsiflexion of geat toe and foot, difficult walking on heels, foot drop
  • hamstring reflex diminished
A

L4/L5 disc herniation

22
Q
  • pain over SI joint, hip, posterolateral thigh and leg to heel
  • numbness over back of calf, lateral heel, foot to toe
  • weakness in plantarflexion of foot and great toe, difficulty walking on toes
  • gastrocnemius and soleus atrophy
  • ankle jerk reflex diminished
A

L5/S1 disc herniation

23
Q
  • pain in posterolateral thigh and anterior leg
  • numbness in anteromedial thigh and knee
  • weakness in quadriceps
  • atrophy in quads
  • knee jerk diminished
A

L3/L4 herniation

24
Q

deltoid dermatome?

A

C5

25
Q

inguinal ligament dermatome?

A

L1

26
Q

knee and medial maleolus, side of big toe dermatome?

A

L4

27
Q

lateral knee, top and sole of foot dermatome?

A

L5

28
Q

lateral maleolus dermatome

A

S1

29
Q

external genitalia and perineum dermatome?

A

S2,3,4

30
Q

thumb dermatome?

A

C6

31
Q

middle finger dermatome?

A

C7

32
Q

little finger dermatome?

A

C8

33
Q
  • pain: posterior surface of arm down middle finger
  • numbness on posterior surface of arm
  • weakness in elbow extension, flexion of wrist
  • atrophy of triceps, weakened triceps reflex
A

C6/C7 herniation

34
Q
  • form of arthritis, chronic inflammation affects the spine over sacroiliac joint
  • vertebrae ossify and fuse over time, causes a loss of spinal mobility
  • peak age of onset in 20s
  • HLAB27 association
A

ankylosing spondylitis

Musculoskeletal (27 decks)

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