3.2 Vertebral Column Flashcards
fibrous band running anterior to vertebral bodies from base of skull to sacrum, limiting hyperextension
anterior longitudinal ligament
runs within vertebral canal, just anterior to spinal cord, stabilizes vertebral bodies
posterior longitudinal ligament
defect in pars interarticularis (in between superior and inferior facets), bone breaks most commonly at L5
spondylolysis
slipping of vertebra in relation to adjacent inferior vertebra or sacrum, can result in compression of sacral spinal nerves and leg pain
spondylolisthesis
anterior concave curvature of vertebral column, most frequently in upper thoracic/lower cervical region in elderly
kyphosis (hump back)
an anterior convex curvature of vertebral column, commonly in lumbar spine, can occur with pregnancy
lordosis (bending backward)
abnormal lateral/rotational curvature of vertebral column, most frequently initiates during adolescence
scoliosis
3 layers of the meninges?
dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
spinal cords ends in the _________ at ____
conus medullaris, L2
from L2 to S2 is called the ___________
lumbar cisterna
lumbar cisterna contains the __________ (spinal nerves distal to conus medullaris) and _____________
cauda equina, filum terminale
rapidly fatal unless medical intervention occurs
C2-3 spinal cord injury
respiratory difficulty and paralysis of all 4 extremities (quadriplegic)
C4 spinal cord injury
some shoulder and elbow movement
C5 spinal cord injury
shoulder and elbow movements, limited wrist movements
C6 spinal cord injury
normal arm movements, limited hand movements
C7 spinal cord injury
normal arm movements, hand weakness
C8 spinal cord injury
paraplegic, wheelchair ambulation
T1-T10 spinal cord injury
may be able to walk with braces
T11 spinal cord injury
all erector spinae muscles are innervated by ________ of spinal nerves
posterior rami
- pain over SI joint, hip, lateral thigh and leg
- numbness over lateral leg and first 3 toes
- weakness in dorsiflexion of geat toe and foot, difficult walking on heels, foot drop
- hamstring reflex diminished
L4/L5 disc herniation
- pain over SI joint, hip, posterolateral thigh and leg to heel
- numbness over back of calf, lateral heel, foot to toe
- weakness in plantarflexion of foot and great toe, difficulty walking on toes
- gastrocnemius and soleus atrophy
- ankle jerk reflex diminished
L5/S1 disc herniation
- pain in posterolateral thigh and anterior leg
- numbness in anteromedial thigh and knee
- weakness in quadriceps
- atrophy in quads
- knee jerk diminished
L3/L4 herniation
deltoid dermatome?
C5
inguinal ligament dermatome?
L1
knee and medial maleolus, side of big toe dermatome?
L4
lateral knee, top and sole of foot dermatome?
L5
lateral maleolus dermatome
S1
external genitalia and perineum dermatome?
S2,3,4
thumb dermatome?
C6
middle finger dermatome?
C7
little finger dermatome?
C8
- pain: posterior surface of arm down middle finger
- numbness on posterior surface of arm
- weakness in elbow extension, flexion of wrist
- atrophy of triceps, weakened triceps reflex
C6/C7 herniation
- form of arthritis, chronic inflammation affects the spine over sacroiliac joint
- vertebrae ossify and fuse over time, causes a loss of spinal mobility
- peak age of onset in 20s
- HLAB27 association
ankylosing spondylitis
