31: Hormone Characteristics

Question 1

master control systems of the body

Answer 1

are the nervous system and endocrine system.

Question 2

hormones

Answer 2

In the endocrine system, certain glands release chemicals called hormones that are carried to target organs by the bloodstream and there bind to specific receptor sites,hormones travel more slowly, being limited by the flow rate of blood. Hormones produce a more generalized effect because, unlike nerve impulses that can be targeted to specific synapses, hormones stimulate all of its receptors in contact with the blood flow

Question 3

Endocrine Glands

Answer 3

are ductless. Their secretions (hormones) are carried by the circulatory system

Question 4

There are two basic types of hormones

Answer 4

based on chemical structure- steroid and non-steroid hormones

Question 5

adenylate cyclase

Answer 5

The enzyme converts ATP molecules to cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), the second messenger

Question 6

Prostaglandins

Answer 6

are chemical mediators derived from fatty acids. They are, in effect, locally acting hormones

Question 7

pituitary gland

Answer 7

is also referred to as the

hypophysis.

Question 8

neurohypophysis

Answer 8

posterior portion derived from

brain tissue

Question 9

adenohypophysis

Answer 9

anterior portion derived from facial tissue

Question 10

releasing

hormones and inhibiting hormones

Answer 10

regulate
the endocrine activity of the anterior pituitary
gland.

Question 11

TRH

Answer 11

produced by the
hypothalamus causes the anterior pituitary to
release thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).

Question 12

TSH

Answer 12

then stimulates the thyroid gland to

release thyroxin and triiodothyronine

Question 13

negative feedback

loop

Answer 13

process
whereby high blood
levels of the target
gland hormone act to
inhibit the production
of releasing and
stimulating hormones
and levels of the
target gland hormone are reduced