19 Organization of the Nervous System

Question 1

Nervous System

Answer 1

Transmits info electricaly rapidly along specific pathways

Question 2

Endocrine System

Answer 2

Uses chemicals (hormones that are distributed ubiquitiusy and more slowly, limited by blood speed.

Question 3

neurons

Answer 3

nerve cless that are able to conduct nerve impulses

Question 4

sensory neurons

Answer 4

conduct impulses from receptors to the central nervous system

Question 5

CNS

Answer 5

central nervous system

Question 6

Afferent neurons

Answer 6

latin (to carry) , also sensory neurons

Question 7

Electromagnetic receptors

Answer 7

photo, sensitive to light

Question 8

chemoreceptors

Answer 8

respond to chemical stimulation

Question 9

thermoreceptors

Answer 9

respond to mechanical events

Question 10

pain reciptors

Answer 10

respond to only painful stimuli

Question 11

somatic neurons

Answer 11

control the skeletal muscles

Question 12

autonomic neurons

Answer 12

control cardiac muscle, visceral muscle, and certin glands

Question 13

interneurons

Answer 13

found between the sensory and motor neurons, handle sensor information, fillters out about 99%^

Question 14

reflex

Answer 14

when a stimulus elicits an immediate response

Question 15

spinal chord

Answer 15

most primitive level of nervous system control, reflexes

Question 16

brain stem & cerebellum

Answer 16

second level of system contol , autonomic activities

Question 17

creberal cortex of the cerebrum

Answer 17

highest level of control, stores info, memory, though process, resson and problem solving

Question 18

chemical synapse

Answer 18

uses small molecules, rapid acting chemical transmitter substances

Question 19

acetylcholine

Answer 19

small molecule rapid acting transmiter, systhesized in the synaptic vesicles within the axon terminus

Question 20

calcium ions

Answer 20

pass into the axon tip from the interstitial fluid after depolerization of the axon

Question 21

acetlycholinesterase

Answer 21

rapidly metabolizes the transmitters that bind to the approprate receptors in the postsynaptic membrane

Question 22

depolarize

Answer 22

occurs when an the membran allows positive charges to enter to generate an action potential

Question 23

ligand gated sodium channels

Answer 23

excitatory chemical transmitters generate action potnetials by binding to recptors on these, allowing sodium ion to diffuse freely into the ccell

Question 24

excitatory transmitters

Answer 24

acetylcholine, and norepinephrine are examples, generate action potential

Question 25

hyperpolarized

Answer 25

when the inside of a cell becomes more negative that normal,

Question 26

inhibitory trnasmitters

Answer 26

block action potentials, exmples GABA and Glycine

Question 27

Spatial Summation

Answer 27

a minimum of 100 or so diffrent excitatory neurons have to fire simultaneously to excite the cell

Question 28

Temporal Summation

Answer 28

Some excitatrory cells may fire at high frequency, making the more effective in exciting a cell

Question 29

excitatory post synaptic potentials (EPSP’s)

Answer 29

potential changes that make the inside less negative

Question 30

Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSP’s)

Answer 30

Potential changes that make the potential more negative -65 milivolts to -70 for example,

Question 31

Postsynaptic inhibition

Answer 31

inhibition using IPSP’s, occurs rapidy for short durration

Question 32

Presynaptic inhibition

Answer 32

inhibitory neurons act y decreasing the amount of excitatory transmitter released by the presynaptic neuron, by making the neuron less permeable to calcium ions