31 AUG - 03 (1) SEP 2022 (studied 05 JAN)

Question 1

what are the three components of total hepatic isolation?

Answer 1

• pringle
• control of infrahepatic IVC
• control of suprahepatic IVC

Question 2

_____________ are a characteristic finding of papillary thyroid cancer, but may not always be present

Answer 2

nuclear pseudoinclusions

Question 3

pembrolizumab, a monoclonal antibody, works against _________________ receptors on T cells

Answer 3

programmed death 1 (PD-1)

Question 4

Ipilimumab is a monoclonal antibody that blocks ________

Answer 4

CTLA-4

Question 5

______________ is a monoclonal antibody directed against vascular endothelial growth factors

Answer 5

bevacizumab

Question 6

cuff pressures greater than ___ mm Hg or large endotracheal tube size in relation to the trachea has been implicated with tracheal trauma and subsequent stenosis

Answer 6

30 mm Hg

Question 7

what are the preferred opioid agents for patients with renal impairment?

Answer 7

• dilaudid
• fentanyl

Question 8

what are the four steps to nociception?

Answer 8

• transduction
• transmission
• modulation
• perception

Question 9

Rh immune globulin should be given within ___ hours of injury to all Rh-negative pregnant trauma patients unless the injury is remote from the uterus

Answer 9

72

Question 10

type and screen determines:

crossmatch determines:

Answer 10

ABO and Rh status

confirmation that patient does not have antibodies to react with the blood they are about to receive (allows blood bank to save O neg blood for emergencies)

Question 11

most likely cause for an acute increase in peak pressure with normal plateau pressures in a patient with a tracheostomy?

Answer 11

mucus plug (increased resistance to flow)

Question 12

plateau pressure is thought to reflect ____________ and can be measured by:

Answer 12

• pulmonary compliance
• applying a brief inspiratory pause after ventilation

Question 13

a low rectovaginal fistula is treated with:

Answer 13

rectal advancement flap

Question 14

a high rectovaginal fistula is treated with:

Answer 14

• resection of involved bowel (primary anastomosis if possible)
• closing of defect in the vagina
• omentum interposition
• temporary ileostomy

Question 15

which liver segment is generally safe for percutaneous biopsy?

Answer 15

parenchyma of segment 6 - typically no major vascular or biliary structures (except small branches of right hepatic vein)

Question 16

what is the only evidence-based treatment for microscopic colitis?

Answer 16

steroids, specifically budesonide

Question 17

absolute contraindications to peritoneal dialysis:

Answer 17

• lack of a peritoneal membrane
• an active intra-abdominal or abdominal wall infection (or frequent episodes of diverticulitis) or active inflammatory bowel disease (eg, Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis) predisposing to catheter infection
• inability to care for the catheter
• documented type 2 ultrafiltration failure (caused either by severe protein-calorie malnutrition or severe proteinurea > 10 g/d)

Question 18

the mainstay of treatment for parathyroid carcinoma is:

Answer 18

en bloc surgical resection and gross negative margins

Question 19

“voice fatigue” after thyroid lobectomy is due to injury to the:

Answer 19

external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (cricothyroid muscle)

Question 20

milk of magnesia can act like what type of cardiac medication? excess use can cause:

Answer 20

• calcium channel blocker
• Mg > 6 can cause peaked T waves, PR prolongation, QRS widening