07 (1) - NOV 2022 (studied 26 JAN)

Question 1

what contributes to COVID-related hypercoagulability?

Answer 1

platelet activation and cytokine storm

Question 2

during a Nuss procedure what do you do if the chest wall is so tight that you cannot pass the bar through the contralateral chest?

Answer 2

use a sternal elevating device

Question 3

age of spontaneous closure for umbilical hernias

Answer 3

4-5

Question 4

what is the best test to evaluate for (traumatic) bladder rupture?

Answer 4

CT cystogram

Question 5

treatment for recurrent pancreatic pseudocyst

Answer 5

endoscopic pancreatic stent placement

Question 6

lab values in DIC

Answer 6

• prolonged PT
• prolonged PTT
• low platelets
• increased fibrin degradation products

Question 7

the inferior parathyroid glands arise from the ________ branchial pouch and descend alongside the thymus in an anterior and caudal direction

Answer 7

third

Question 8

_______________ remains the most frequent serious complication following pancreaticoduodenectomy

Answer 8

Pancreatic fistula

Question 9

what is the treatment for amebic liver abscesses?

Answer 9

flagyl - orally 500 to 750 mg three times a day for 7–10 days

Question 10

two randomized, phase 3 trials (PIONEER I and PIONEER II) showed that ___________________ benefit patients with moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa

Answer 10

TNF-alpha inhibitors, specifically adalimumab

Question 11

what procedure offers the best cure for type II (acid-producing) peptic ulcer disease?

Answer 11

antrectomy with truncal vagotomy

Question 12

a truncal vagotomy divides the left and right vagus nerves proximal to the esophagogastric junction and should not be performed without a resection or drainage procedure, because:

Answer 12

the pylorus will not relax in the absence of vagal stimulation

Question 13

what is the source of acid-secreting parietal cells?

Answer 13

gastric antrum

Question 14

overall, of all patients who develop pancreatitis the incidence of new onset diabetes is about __%

Answer 14

25%

Question 15

for those who undergo debridement of more than 50% of the pancreas the likelihood of developing diabetes rises to __%

Answer 15

80%

Question 16

Most iatrogenic esophageal perforations are a result of endoscopic intervention, and in the absence of strictures, they occur most often in the upper ______-third of the esophagus at the level of the: _______________________

Answer 16

• one-third
• cricopharyngeus muscle (the upper esophageal sphincter)

Question 17

in patients with anal carcinoma have regional lymph node disease at the time of diagnosis, ___________________________ should be performed on lymph nodes found to be enlarged by either clinical or radiologic examination

Answer 17

fine needle aspiration and/or excisional biopsy

Question 18

segments of the vertebral artery

Answer 18

• V1 begins at the origin of the vertebral artery and extends to the transverse foramen of C6
• V2 extends from the transverse foramen of C6 to the transverse foramen of C2
• V3 extends from the transverse foramen C2 and extends to the dura
• V4 extends from the dura to the confluence of the basilar artery

Question 19

gastric outlet obstruction caused by a gallstone in the duodenum is called _____________ syndrome

Answer 19

Bouveret