03 SEP (1) - 08 (2) SEP 2022 (studied 12 JAN 2023)

Question 1

warm ischemia time

Answer 1

from cessation of arterial inflow to time of perfusion with preservation solution

Question 2

cold ischemia time

Answer 2

from initiation of cold perfusion to re-establishment of arterial inflow

Question 3

what is the primary mechanism of infection in pelvic inflammatory disease?

Answer 3

disruption of the cervical mucus barrier

Question 4

what does photoplethysmography detect?

Answer 4

blood volume changes in an extremity

Question 5

__________ alone is generally sufficient in treating FMD

Answer 5

angioplasty

Question 6

tracheostomy can facilitate ventilator weaning due to what three principles?

Answer 6

• reduced dead space ventilation
• reduced work of breathing
• prevents airway narrowing and obstruction secondary to buildup and debris

Question 7

in a placebo-controlled multicenter randomized trial including more than 2000 women, intravenous administration of ____________ before skin incision in addition to preoperative ___________ resulted in a 50% reduction in the composite outcome of endometritis, wound infection, or other infection

Answer 7

• azithromycin 500 mg (covers ureaplasma and mycoplasma)
• cefazolin

Question 8

what is his risk of acute incarceration of an asymptomatic inguinal hernia if not repaired over the next 2 years?

Answer 8

<1%

Question 9

a split thickness skin graft should be adherent to the host site after ___ weeks

Answer 9

2

Question 10

what are the 3 phases of a skin graft “take”?

Answer 10

1. organization (immediate)
2. serum imbibition (first 28 hours)
3. revascularization (48+ hours)

Question 11

the organization phase of skin graft adherence begins with a layer of _______ at the graft-bed interface

Answer 11

fibrin

Question 12

reinnervation of a skin graft occurs after approximately __-__ weeks

Answer 12

4-5

Question 13

in terms of reinnervation, what is the order of returning sensation?

Answer 13

• pain
• light touch
• temperature

Question 14

in the vast majority of patients with esophageal atresia, the repair is most commonly approached through a ______________ incision

Answer 14

right thoracotomy

Question 15

preoperative treatment with _________ in patients with Graves disease has been shown to decrease the vascularity of the thyroid gland and surgical blood loss

Answer 15

SSKI / lugol iodine

Question 16

types I and II achalasia

Answer 16

• type I: esophageal manometry shows a lack of peristalsis and partial or absent relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter in response to swallowing
• type II: panesophageal contraction of the esophagus with partial or absent lower esophageal sphincter relaxation

Question 17

best access for emergent / fastest hemodialysis?

Answer 17

non-tunneled femoral catheter

Question 18

the “bucket-handle” anomaly is a clue to a:

Answer 18

rectoperineal fistula

Question 19

in all patients with inflammatory bowel disease, screening for colorectal cancer should start __ years after diagnosis

Answer 19

8

Question 20

the native ureter receives its blood supply from which arteries?

Answer 20

• renal
• gonadal
• branches of the internal iliac arteries