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U.S. History > 301-350 > Flashcards

301-350 Flashcards

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1
Q

Major Strikes after WWI (1919-1920s)

A

Bosto police force attempted to unionize, and Coolidge fired them to recruit new force; Strike in Seattle in 1919; AFL attempted to organize steel industry; United Mine Workers struck and gained minor wage increases

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2
Q

Fines and imprisonment for persons who made false statements which aided the enemy, hindered the draft, or incited military rebellion; forbade criticism of govt, flag, or uniform

A

Espionage and Sedition Act (1917 & 1918)

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3
Q

His model T, introduced in 1908, was the first inexpensive, mass produced automobile; use of the moving assembly line influenced American manufacturing

A

Henry Ford

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4
Q

Twenty-Eight president; lowered tariffs, established Federal Trade Commission to control unfair business practices; initiated progressive reform that prohibited child labor and limited RR workers to 8-hour day; his “14 points” outlined settlement of WWI

A

Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921)

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5
Q

Rise in the Standard of Living during the 1920s

A

Advances like indoor plumbing, hot water, central heating, home appliances, and fresher foods; many did not have money for these benefits; availability of credit rose to allow for payments; sales grew out of ADVERTISING through new media, such as radio

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6
Q

Labor Acts, 1915-1916

A 
La Follette Seamen's Act (1915)--Regulated safety and sanitation measures for commercial ships and wages, food, and hours of sailors
Adams Act (1916)--Employees of RRs engaged in interstate commerce were given 8 hour day and overtime pay
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7
Q

Oregon established a law that limited women to ten hours of work in factories and laundries

A

Muller v. Oregon (1908)

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8
Q

Wilson’s Treaty and Henry Cabot Lodge (1919)

A

Senator Lodge led opposition against Paris Peace Treaty because of war entanglement of others; by not compromising, the treaty was defeated and US did not join the league; joint resolution enacted peace instead

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9
Q

Specific peace plan presented by Wilson in an address to congress; called for open, rather than secret, peace treaties, free trade, transportation along the seas, and arms reduction; some european countries would rather punish Germany

A

Fourteen Points (1819)

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10
Q

Response to Panic of 1907 and concerns of Business

A

Federal Reserve Act of 1913

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11
Q

WWI causes and major players

A

Causes:
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by Serbian nationalist; nationalism in Austria-Hungary and France; colonial expansion in Africa and China; military buildup
Players:
Allies-Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Belgium, Japan, and US
Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, and Bulgaria

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12
Q

Debt restructuring plan for Germany after WWI, American banks made loans to Germany, paid reparations to allies, and paid back to the US govt.; would play part in the development of Great Depression

A

Dawes Plan (1924)

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13
Q

Klu Klux Klan in the early 1900s

A

Main purpose was to intimidate blacks who experienced raise in status due to WWI; hated also Catholics, Jews, and foreigners; had 5 million members in 1925, then declined

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14
Q

Twenty-seventh president; Prosecuted trusts; created Department of Labor; his relationship with Roosevelt deteriorated and had opposition to his re-election

A

William Howard Taft (1909-1913)

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15
Q

Results of WWI

A

America emerged as the political and economic leader of world; European states went into decline; Germany devestated

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16
Q

Proclamation by Germany that it would sink all ships, without warning, that entered a large zone off the costs of Allied Nations; America breaks diplomatic relations with Germany

A

Unlimited Submarine Warfare (1917)

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17
Q

One of a series of acts limiting immigration; limited by nationality to 3% of number of foreign-born from that nation in US in 1910

A

Emergency Quota Act (1921)

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18
Q

Further outlined regulations against monopolies and other unfair business practices; meant as update for Sherman Antitrust act of 1890

A

Clayton Antitrust Act (1914)

19
Q

Fear of revolution fed by anti-German hysteria and success of the Bolshevik Revolution; bombs sent out anonymously through mail, killing many;

A

Red Scare and Palmer Raids (1919)

20
Q

Industrial Changes in 1920s and Effects

A

Change from steam to electric power, replacing human workers; scientific management strategies, leading to more efficient uses of workers; expanding industries of automobile, electricity, chemicals, film, radio, commercial aviation, and printing; led to overproduction by the late 1920s

21
Q

Twenty-ninth president; opposed League of Nations, promised return to normalcy; gave US steel workers 8 hour day; dies to succeed by Calvin Coolidge

A

Warren G. Harding (1921-1923)

22
Q

Nineteenth Amendment provided for this; ratified in 1920; feminists who supported since the 1960’s included Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Carrie Chapman Catt

A

Women’s Suffrage (1920)

23
Q

First human voice was broadcast in 1906, Woodrow Wilson was the first president to broadcast; KDKA was first station
Broke down regionalism and provided news and entertainment

A

Radio (early 1900s)

24
Q

Two gunmen robbed a factory and killed two men in Massachusetts; Two italian immigrants were tried for these murders, many protested that they had not received a fair trial, reflecting anti-immigrant sentiments in the US

A

Sacco and Vanzetti (1920)

25
Q

Committed to the US, Britain, Japan, France, and Italy to restrict construction of new battleship class ships; pact gave Japan naval surpremacy in the pacific

A

Five Power Treaty (1922)

26
Q

Volunteer organization that claimed approval of the Justice Department for pressuring support of War; persecuted those of German descent

A

American Protective League (1917)

27
Q

Thirtieth President; reputation for honesty; believed in leading through inactivity; “The chief business of the American people is the business”

A

Calvin Coolidge (1925-1929)

28
Q

Provisions for Paris Peace Conference (1919)

A

Treaty of Versailles resulted; formed LON to protect territorial integrity and political independence; Germany required to pay for all damage and limited to small defense; new nations’ boundaries were drawn, including Yugoslavia, Austria, Hungary, and Poland

29
Q

Post-WWI Economy (1920)

A

High wages during WWI and European demand continued after conflict; demand led to inflation and a good economy; increase in prices prompted major strikes by workers

30
Q

Forbade shipment of products whose production had involved child labor

A

Keating-Owen Child Labor Act (1916)

31
Q

Bribery scandal involving President Harding’s secretary of Interior, Albert Fall; leased naval oil reserves at Teapot Dome to two major business owners in exchange for cash payouts; first cabinet member to go to jail

A

Teapot Dome Scandal (1921)

32
Q

Established voluntary censorship of the press and created propaganda campaign for the country’s support of WWI

A

Committee on Public Information (1917)

33
Q

Shift in Popular Culture in the 1920s

A

Change from entertainment through home and small groups to commercial, profit-making activities
Movies attracted audiences, HOLLYWOOD
Professional athletics grew, baseball/boxing/football
Tabloids grew in popularity

34
Q

Telegram from German Foreign secretary Zimmerman to German minister in Mexico, proposing that Mexico attack US if we enter WWI; telegram was released and ensured American support for war against Germany

A

Zimmerman Telegram (1917)

35
Q

A British passenger liner carrying Americans attacked by German submarines; Wilson protested but remained neutral, in line with the 1914 Proclamation of Neutrality; the Sussex with Americans was sunk and then Germans give pledge to stop attacks on unarmed vessels

A

Lusitania and Neutrality (1915)

36
Q

Policy by Woodrow Wilson of rejecting alliances with leaders who took control through force until a determination of their interests could be made

A

Watchful Waiting (1913-1914)

37
Q

Reasons for America Entering WWI (1917)

A

Zimmerman telegram shows Germany was untrustworthy
After Russia’s revolution, makes govt. an acceptable ally
America could hasten end of war and ensure a role designing peace
Sinking of Lusitania and other ships
US already backing Allies with support
Wilson says world must be made safe for democracy

38
Q

US Homefront during WWI

A

Wilson controlled raw materials, production, prices, and labor relations to ensure supplies for war; oversaw use of fuel, RRs, and maritime shipping

39
Q

Term used to describe growth of African-American literature and arts; brought Jazz to Harlem center of earlier Great Migration in 1900s) and influenced music, writing, sculpting, and photography

A

Harlem Renaissance (1920s)

40
Q

A progressive initiative that allowed for each state to elect two senators for six terms by popular vote; allowed citizens to have more participation in govt.

A

Seventeenth Amendment

41
Q

Economic and Social Effects of the Automobile (1920s)

A

Stimulated steel, rubber, glass, gasoline, and highway construction industries; led to increased freedom for young people and loss of parental control; tourism increased and rural areas become less isolated

42
Q

Women and Minorities in WWI

A

Women served as clerks or in medical units
400,000 black men drafted or enlisted
Still kept in segregated units used in labor battalions or in support activities, rarely saw combat

43
Q

Temperance movement begins in early 1800s; Carry Nation uses rocks, hammers, and hatches to destroy liquor stores and saloons; Eighteenth Amendment prohibits manufacture, sale, transport, or import of liquor; Volstead Act imposed criminal penalties for violations; repealed in 1933 with 21st amendment

A

Prohibition (1919)

44
Q

Movement of African-Americans from the South to industrial centers of Northeast and Midwest; caused by decreased cotton prices and lack of immigrant workers in the North; led to higher wages, more educational opportunities, and better living for Blacks

A

The Great Migration (1910s-1940s)

U.S. History (10 decks)

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