151-200

Question 1

Industry by 1850

Answer 1

Mostly located in the North, industry’s value surpassed agriculture
US tech exceeds Europe in rubber, coal power, mass production, and telegraph
Cheap immigrant labor

Question 2

Miners who rushed to California after the discovery of gold called the “forty-niners”; over 80,000 rush to San Fran; increased population led to Cali joining the Union as free state

Answer 2

Gold Rush (1848-1850s)

Question 3

Belief that America was destined to expand to the Pacific, and possibly into Canada and Mexico; came from post-1812 War nationalism, reform impulse of 1830, and need for new resources; fueled Mexican War and displacement of Native Americans

Answer 3

Manifest Destiny

Question 4

Recession caused by Jackson’s drastic movement of bank deposits to state and local banks; led to relaxed credit policy and inflation

Answer 4

Panic of 1837

Question 5

During Texas’s revolution against Mexico, Ft. Alamo was attacked by the Mexican Army and 187 members were killed; Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, Mexican leader, was victorious

Answer 5

Battle of the Alamo (1836)

Question 6

Eleventh President; introduced new independent treasury system; settled Oregon dispute with Oregon treaty (1846); acquired California

Answer 6

James K. Polk (1845-1849)

Question 7

French civil servant to and wrote about the US, “Democracy in America”; assessed the american attempt to have both liberty and quality

Answer 7

Alexis de Tocqueville (1830s)

Question 8

Debate in the Senate between Daniel Webser and Robert Hayne focusing on sectionalism and nullification; brought about the “Tariff of Abominations”

Answer 8

Webster-Hayne Debate (1830)

Question 9

Southern Response to Slavery

Answer 9

Defense of slavery shifted from early view of “necessary evil” to “positive good” using scientific arguments, biblical texts, and historical examples
Also defended by accusing North of “wage slavery” and they were protecting slaves from competition

Question 10

Tariff favored Northern interests at the expense of Southern ones; Calhoun led a state convention calling for the Order of Nullification, declaring the tariff laws void

Answer 10

Tariff of 1832 and the Order of Nullification

Question 11

Forbade discussion of the slavery question in the HOR; stemmed from Southern members’ fear of slave emancipation

Answer 11

Gag Rule (1836-1844)

Question 12

Began with the idea of purchasing and transporting slaves to free African states, which had little success; entered politics through “Liberty Party”, eventually combining with the larger Free Soil Party membership

Answer 12

Abolitionism

Question 13

Slaves in Southern Urban Areas (1800s)

Answer 13

Served as factory workers or in construction; some purchased their freedom with savings or disappeared into society

Question 14

Party created by those Demo-Repubs opposed to slavery; opposed EXTENSION of slavery into new territories; Zach Taylor defeated Martin Van Buren for prez in 1848

Answer 14

Free Soil Party (1847-1848)

Question 15

Method used to move slaves to free territory; led by Harriet Tubman, a former slave, led over 300 to freedom

Answer 15

Underground Railroad (1840s-1860s)

Question 16

John C. Fremont won attacks by land and sea in Cali.; Zachary Taylor defeated by large forces in Mexico; Mexicans refused to negotiate; ended by Treaty of Guadelupe Hidalgo, gaining NM, AZ, CA, TX, CO, UT, NV; raised question of slavery in these states

Answer 16

Mexican War (1844-1846)

Question 17

This treaty settled the boundary disputes of Maine and border disputes in the Great Lakes; U.S. and Britain tension

Answer 17

Webster-Ashburton Treaty (1842)

Question 18

Elements of Slavery

Answer 18

Most received adequate housing and diet; some did commit violent uprisings or escape into north
Some found ways to sabotage their facilities and become unproductive; created their own common culture

Question 19

Irish and German Immigration

Answer 19

1840s saw dramatic increase of Irish due to potato famine
Settled in eastern cities
1850s had many Germans due to failed revolution in 1848
Melting pot in New York City

Question 20

Twelfth president; famous general in Mexican War; opposed spread of slavery, encouraged territories to organize and seek admission directly as states to avoid the issue of slavery

Answer 20

Zachary Taylor

Question 21

Andrew Jackson’s method of exchanging government officials with new civil servants; supposed to democratize government and lead to reform by allowing common folk to run for government

Answer 21

Spoils System (1828)

Question 22

Demonstrated that a contract could be broken to benefit the general welfare; reversal of Dartmouth College v. Woodward

Answer 22

Charles River Bridge Case

Question 23

Northern Blacks, 1850

Answer 23

Organized churches and groups
200,000 were free in N and W, but lives were restricted by prejudiced laws
Immigration threatened economic security of blacks

Question 24

Slave who led insurrection in Southampton, Virginia; influential as preacher, believed destiny to lead slaves to freedom; led sixty in revolt and killed the family of his owner and 55 whites; led to stricter slave laws and end of southern abolition

Answer 24

Nat Turner (1800-1831)

Question 25

Causes of the Mexican War (1844-1846)

Answer 25

The new Mexican republic would not address grievances held by US citizens, claiming property losses and personal injuries resulting from conflicts during the Mexican revolution
Manifest Destiny in US
US aiding revolt in Texas against Mexico

Question 26

A wave of religious fervor spread through series of camp meeting revivals; “Burnt Over District” was center of movement

Answer 26

Second Great Awakening (1830s and 1840s)

Question 27

Amendment to a Mexican War appropriations bill; proposed that slavery could not exist in any territory to be acquired from Mexico

Answer 27

Wilmot Proviso (1846)

Question 28

Doctrine under which the status of slavery in the territories was to be determined by the settlers themselves; meant as a resolution to the looming crisis of the slavery crisis

Answer 28

Popular Sovereignty (1840s)

Question 29

Ninth President; westerner fighting against Native Americans, nicknamed “Old Tippecanoe”, died of pneumonia a month after inauguration

Answer 29

William Henry Harrison (1841)

Question 30

Demanded by Jackson, stated that land must be paid for in hard money, not paper or credit

Answer 30

Specie Circular (1837)

Question 31

Group stemmed from old Federalist Party, the old national Republican Party, and others who opposed Jackson’s policies; cultivated commercial and industrial development, encouraged banks and corporations, cautious approach to Westward expansion; most Northern Business and manufacturers and large southern planters

Answer 31

Whig Party (1840s)

Question 32

Agriculture by 1850

Answer 32

Technology increased harvest sizes, saved on labor, and made selling goods internationally possible; demand for land grew, railroad and plow (John Deere)

Question 33

Mexico refused to sell Texas to the US, which had given up its claims to Texas in the Adams-Onis Treaty; Americans were allowed to immigrate, but slave ownership angered Mexico; Mexican power erodes as US population grows

Answer 33

Texas, Leading to the Battle of the Alamo (1800s)

Question 34

Women in the early 1800s

Answer 34

Women participated in limited political activity, mostly religious and reform in nature (abolition)
Employment mostly school-teaching
Still in “Cult of domesticity”
Woman’s property became her husband’s

Question 35

Southern romantic-era writer; explored the world of spirit and the emotions

Answer 35

Edgar Allen Poe

Question 36

American Educator who was the first secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education; suggested reform in education; made available high-quality, no cost, nondenominational public schooling; “Father of American public school”

Answer 36

Horace Mann

Question 37

Founded by Joseph Smith Jr.; settled in Utah and were shunned for unusual practices of polygamy

Answer 37

Mormonism (1830s)

Question 38

Mexican Cession and Slavery (1848)

Answer 38

Argument existed about slavery in newly acquired Mexican cession; argument in favor of federal power was based on the NW Ordinance of 1787 and Missouri Compromise of 1820

Question 39

Social reformer who worked to help the mentally ill; helped establish hospitals for the insane

Answer 39

Dorothea Dix (1802-1887)

Question 40

Transportation in the 1840s and 1850s

Answer 40

Tremendous expansion of railroad lines, creating a national market for goods, linked midwest and northeast; steamboats and clipper ships

Question 41

Population Growth and Change, Early 1800s

Answer 41

Labor shortage=more opportunity for work
Influx of German immigrants means skilled labor and discrimination of Irish Catholics
Growth of movement West and rural areas
Urbanization, bad security and water for city livers
Race/religious riots and street crime became part of city society

Question 42

An escaped slave and outspoken abolitionist, and published “The North Star” newspaper; helped put together regiments of African-Americans from Massachusetts and urged other to join the Union Army; “Father of American Civil Rights Movement”

Answer 42

Frederick Douglass (1817-1895)

Question 43

Eighth president; established independent treasury, maintaining government funds independently of the national banking systems;

Answer 43

Martin Van Buren (1837-1841)

Question 44

Transcendentalism essayist and lecturer; “Self Reliance” (1841) his best essay, promoted independence

Answer 44

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Question 45

Tenth President; rejected the programs of the Whigs who had elected Harrison, leading them to turn against him; helped Texas achieve statehood; Webster-Ashburton treaty

Answer 45

John Tyler (1841-1845)

Question 46

Andrew Jackson objected to the Bank of the US created by Alex Hamilton; believed that ban had great influence in national affairs but did not respond to the will of working and rural class people

Answer 46

Biddle’s Banks (1832)

Question 47

Native Americans were supported by the Supreme Court, but Andrew Jackson refused to enforce court’s decisions; Cherokees were forced to give up lands to the east of the Mississippi and travel to modern day Oklahoma; kills about 4,000 Cherokee

Answer 47

Trail of Tears (1838-1839)

Question 48

Reaction to rationalism, emphasizing person salvation, strong nationalism, and improvement of society thru social reform; created diversity in American religious sects and some anti-Catholic sentiment

Answer 48

Protestant Revivalism (1830s and 1840s)

Question 49

Leader of Texas independence; defeated Santa Anna at Battle of San Jacinto and claimed independence; requested Texas be made a state, but denied due to fear of it becoming a slave state

Answer 49

Sam Houston

Question 50

Author of “The Liberator”, espoused his views that slaves should be immediately emancipated; opposition to his policy develops due to his inflexible position and fiery language; also advocated unpopular position in favor of equal rights for women

Answer 50

William Lloyd Garrison (1805-1879)