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U.S. History > 101-150 > Flashcards

101-150 Flashcards

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1
Q

Provided for boundary between the US and Canada at the 49th parallel; allowed joint occupancy of Oregon Territory by Americans and Canadians

A

Convention of 1818

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2
Q

Series of laws severely limiting slave rights; slave owners given authority to impose harsh physical punishment for control

A

Slave Codes (1650s-1860s)

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3
Q

Belief in the innate goodness of man, nature, and traditional values, rooted in the turn-of-the-century Europe; emphasized emotions and feelings over rationality

A

Romanticism (1800s)

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4
Q

Native American chief who was encouraged by British forces to fight against pressured removal from Western Territories; William H. Harrison destroyed the Native American Confederacy at Tippecanoe

A

Tecumseh (1811)

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5
Q

Explosion of number of colleges, first coed college in Ohio; expansion of state supported elem. schools; DOROTHEA DIX led in establishment of asylums for humane treatment for insane; prison reform

A

Antebellum Reform (1820-1860)

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6
Q

William Marbury was commissioned justice of peace in Midnight Judges episode; commission was not delivered so he sued Jefferson’s Sec. of State, James Madison

A

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

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7
Q

Congress opened trade to all nations except France and Britain; re-engaged US in trade while continuing its stance against alliances with either France or Britain

A

Non-Intercourse Act (1809)

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8
Q

After the War of 1812

A

Increased American Nationalism
High foreign demand for cotton, grain, tobacco
Turn from agrarian towards industry
Depression of 1819 due to influx of British goods

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9
Q

American declaration to keep its own ships from leaving port for any foreign destination; Jefferson hoped to avoid contact with vessels of either side of Napoleonic War; led to depression

A

Embargo of 1807

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10
Q

Seventh President; after War of 1812, invaded Spanish Florida; defeated British force in New Orleans after Treaty of Ghent; popular due to image as self-made Westerner; implemented Spoils system; signed Indian-Removal Act, providing federal enforcement to remove Native Americans west of Miss R.; AGAINST bank of US

A

Andrew Jackson

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11
Q

Jackson’s accusations towards Henry Clay throwing his support to John Quincy Adams after Jackson won popular vote but Adams won HOR vote; considered to be largely untrue

A

“Corrupt Bargain” of 1824

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12
Q

Cotton in the Early 1800s

A

New invention of cotton gin
New Southern states produced cotton
Led to boom in cotton market; “King Cotton”
Need for cotton encouraged expanding westward

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13
Q

Innovations included new construction of roads, additions of canals, and expansion of railroads; modern day STEAMBOAT; cheapened market for trade and encouraged population movement west of Appalachian mountains

A

Transportation Revolution (Early 1800s)

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14
Q

Movement that copied early European efforts; attempt to improve life in the face of industrialism; social experiments that generally saw little success due to their radicalism; BROOK FARM and ONEIDA

A

Utopian Communities (1820-1850)

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15
Q

Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court; decisions defined and strengthened the powers of the judicial branch and asserted power of judicial review

A

John Marshall (1755-1835)

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16
Q

Expedition through the Louisiana Purchase and the West; Missouri, Yellowstone River, and Rockies; led by Sacajawea, opened new territories to America

A

Lewis and Clark Expedition (1803-1806)

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17
Q

Second president and first Vice; Led country through XYZ affair, Alien and Sedition Acts, and Virginia and Kentucky resolutions

A

John Adams (1797-1800)

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18
Q

Third President; author of Dec. of Ind; first change of political parties of president (Fed to Jeffersonian Republic); Embargo of 1807, Louisiana Purchase

A

Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809)

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19
Q

Legislation enacted by the Federalists to reduce foreign influences and increase their power; new hurdles to citizenship were established

A

Alien and Sedition Acts (1798-1799)

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20
Q

Expansion of Electorate (1810 - 1828)

A

Most states had already eliminated the property qualifications for voting; blacks were still excluded from polls across the south and most of the north; national nomination conventions for political parties

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21
Q

American novelist; writing was influenced by American frontier and landscapes; helped form the foundation for distinctive American literature

A

James Fenimore Cooper

22
Q

Helped define the US-Mexico border; original border causes conflict; Spain sold its remaining Florida territory to US and drew boundary of Mexico to pacific

A

Adams-Onis Treaty (1819

23
Q

Tariff bill with higher import duties for many goods brought by Southern planters; anonymously protested by John C. Calhoun saying a federal law harmful to a state may be declared void

A

Tariff of Abominations (1828)

24
Q

A popular way of staffing New England textile factories; young women hired from the surrounding country; system depended on technology to increase production

A

Lowell System (1820s)

25
Q

Created new judgeships to be filled by the president; JOHN ADAMS filled vacancies with party supports “Midnight Judges” before he left for office

A

Judiciary Act of 1801

26
Q

Called for a strong executive who liberally used the veto
Relied on the party system
Emphasized states’ rights
Politics came to rely on emotional appeals, with meetings in mass conventions to nominate national candidates for office

A

Jacksonian Politics

27
Q

As a slave, won enough money to buy his freedom; gained wealth and influence in SC; accused of using church get-togethers to plan a violent slave revolt; hanged with thirty-four other slaves

A

Denmark Vesey

28
Q

Group of American landscape painters; part of increasing American nationalism following War of 1812; influence of European Romantic movement to paint homeland in US

A

Hudson River School (1825-1875)

29
Q

Marshall Court decision; first time law voided on grounds that it violated US Constitution

A

Fletcher v. Peck (1810)

30
Q

Copied European styles, but featured portraits of important Americans

A

Colonial Painting

31
Q

Best known native writer in his time and first American to gain fame throughout Europe; reflected increasing American nationalism

A

Washington Irving

32
Q

Response by Jeffersonian Republicans to the Alien and Sedition Acts; suggested that states should have power within their territory to nullify federal law; presented argument near civil war

A

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions (1798-1799)

33
Q

Marshall Court decision severely limiting the power of state governments to control corporations; New Hampshire legislature tried to change Dartmouth from a private to a public institution by having its charter revoked

A

Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)

34
Q

The Treaty of Ghent set the groundwork for this agreement by encouraging both sides to continue to study boundary issues between the United States and Canada; agreed between Britain and US to stop maintaining armed fleets on the Great Lakes

A

Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817)

35
Q

During the War of 1812, British armada sailed up Chesapeake bay and burned the White House; in response to bring of Toronto; Fort McHenry held firm through bombardment, inspired the “Star Spangled Banner”

A

Washington Burned (1814)

36
Q

Movement to transcend the bounds of the intellect and to strive for emotional unity with God; capable of unity without the help of institutional church

A

Transcendentalism (1820s-1850s)

37
Q

Burr planned to take Mexico from Spain and establish new nation and was tried for treason, but acquitted by John Marshall and showed that charges need proof

A

Burr Conspiracy (1806)

38
Q

Causes of the War of 1812

A

British capturing of American Sailors
Desire for more free land occupied by British and Indians
War Hawks press for intervention
US sided with France against Britain

39
Q

Fifth President; led “Era of Good Feelings,” rise of Democratic-Republicans and decline of Federalists; national identity grew through westward expansion; Monroe Doctrine; saw beginnings of North-South tensions of slavery

A

James Monroe (1817-1825)

40
Q

Wars between Napoleon’s France and the other European powers, led by Britain; both sides tried to prevent neutral powers (USA) from trading with their enemy; violations lead to War of 1812

A

Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815)

41
Q

War of 1812 Events

A

Early victories at Sea by US, then overcome; taking Lake Erie with navy, opened way for William H. Harrison to invade Canada; Andrew Jackson led the American charge through the Southwest; decided by Battle of New Orleans; fought after signing Treaty of Ghent

42
Q

Vice President to both John Q. Adams and his rival, Andrew Jackson; Champion of state’s rights, advocating nullification of Tariff of 1828 and asserting right of states to nullify

A

John Calhoun

43
Q

Doubled the United States territory for $15 million from France; farmers could now send their good down the Miss. R. and through New Orleans; agrarian expansion

A

Louisiana Purchase (1803)

44
Q

Marshall Court decision determined no state can control an agency of the federal government; Maryland tried to levy a tax on a local branch of the US bank to protect its own bank

A

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

45
Q

Henry Clay’s solution to deadlock over the issue of acceptance of new states; adding Slave State Missouri would tip scale of Senate; to settle dispute, Maine becomes new free state; THIRTY-SIX-THIRTY NORTH LATITUDE line determines slave/free state

A

Missouri Compromise (1820)

46
Q

Romantic-era artist; demonstrated emotion of nature, especially birds and animals

A

John James Audubon

47
Q

Fourth President; “Father of the Constitution” and assisted “The Federalist Papers”; wrote the Virginia; faced pressure from the War Hawks t like Henry Clay to get involved in the Napoleonic Wars and end the Embargo; led to War of 1812

A

James Madison (1809-1817)

48
Q

Marshall Court decision determined that only congress may regulate interstate commerce, even navigation–Gibbons received a monopoly by NY to operate steamboat between it and NJ, but Ogden received same rights from Ogden

A

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

49
Q

US wanted an end to French Harassment of American shipping; French representatives demand a bribe to open negotiations, but US refused the bribe and suspended trade with the French; Created the American Navy

A

XYZ Affair (1798)

50
Q

Sixth President; supporters called themselves National Republicans, Jackson supporters Democratic-Republicans; led to active federal govt. in areas like internal improvements and Native American affairs

A

John Quincy Adams (1825-1829)

U.S. History (10 decks)

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