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U.S. History > 1-50 > Flashcards

1-50 Flashcards

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1
Q

Joint-stock company of Puritans escaping King James I, led by John Winthrop; never underwent “starving time” thanks to careful organization

A

Massachusetts Bay Company

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2
Q

Conflict based in struggle between King Charles I and English Parliament; lead to outright conflict between Royalistic military forces and forces opposing Charles I

A

English Civil War

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3
Q

Certain good shipped from a New World port were to go only to Britain or to another New World port; increased tensions between colonies and Britain; example of mercantilism

A

Navigation Acts

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4
Q

Were Puritans who believed the Church of England was beyond saving and must separate from it; traveled on the Mayflower in 1620, became known as the Pilgrims

A

Separatists of Plymouth

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5
Q

Wealthy and socially prominent families in Virginia; includes Lees, Carters, Fitzhughs

A

First Families of Virginia

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6
Q

Prevailing economic philosophy of the 1600s that held that colonies exist to serve the mother country; founded on belief that world’s wealth is limited and one nation’s gain was another nation’s loss; economic activity regulated by government

A

Mercantilism

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7
Q

Europe merchants purchased African slaves with manufactured goods, then sold slaves to the Caribbean for commodities (sugar, cotton, tobacco); exchange of GOODS, not money

A

Triangular Trade (Atlantic Trade)

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8
Q

Italian member of Portuguese expedition; explored South America; discovery suggested that the expedition had found a “New World”

A

Amerigo Vespucci

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9
Q

All wool that was produced in the colonies could only be exported to Britain

A

Wool Act

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10
Q

Puritan preacher fleeing Massachusetts after religious view becomes too extreme, bought this land from Indians and granted complete religious toleration

A

Roger Williams and Rhode Island

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11
Q

Claimed to have had special revelations from God that superseded the Bible, contrary to the Puritan doctrine, in that she believed salvation is attained through faith and divine grace

A

Anne Hutchinson

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12
Q

Effects of the First Great Awakening

A

America’s religious community divides between those rejecting and accepting the Great Awakening; more Christian denominations formed; helped build connections between people from different colonies

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13
Q

Internal British struggle that lead to the replacement of Catholic King James II with his Protestant Daughter, Marr; inspired colonial uprisings in NY and Maryland against ruling governors

A

Glorious Revolution

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14
Q

Nathaniel Bacon was angered by Governor William Berkeley’s inability to protect Virginia from attacks by Native Americans; after being arrested for raiding the natives, he set fire to Jamestown to defend his forces’ position

A

Bacon’s Rebellion

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15
Q

Several young girls in Salem Village claimed to be tormented by the occult activities of certain neighbors

A

Salem Witch Trials

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16
Q

Dutch patroons established the first settlement here; later settled by Dutch West India Company with Peter Minuit and then taken by English

A

Delaware

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17
Q

Believed human religious institutions were unnecessary, direct revelation from God, and little importance of the bible; pacifists and favored decent treatment of Native Americans

A

Quakers

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18
Q

Poor working, convicted criminals, and debtors receive immigration passage and fees in return for a number of years at labor on behalf of planter or company; volunteered, entered harsh conditions

A

Indenture system

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19
Q

Protestant successor to Queen Mary; first woman to successfully hold the throne; brought on a war response from Spain to form Spanish Armada

A

Queen Elizabeth I

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20
Q

Owned colonies with direct responsibility to the king; supposed to decrease practice of granting charters; not effective as settlers insisted on self government–the first proprietary colony

A

Proprietors, Maryland

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21
Q

Selected Roanoke Island as a site for the first English settlement; after returning, found colony completely deserted

A

Sir Walter Raleigh

22
Q

Movement by those who wished to reform the Church of England; believed in predestination and Calvinist theology; sought to make Church of England “pure”

A

English Puritanism

23
Q

Connects the idea of Deism, the universe was created by God and then abandoned; no supernatural controls; less faith in God to solve problems

A

The Enlightenment

24
Q

A series of emotional religious revivals occurring throughout the colonies and prevalent in New England; George Whitfield and Jonathan Edwards proclaim message of personal repentance and faith to avoid Hell

A

First Great Awakening

25
Q

German American newspaper publisher and printer; acquittal of libel charges established a legal precedent for freedom of the press

A

John Peter Zenger

26
Q

Fleet assembled by King Philip II of Spain to invade England; defeated by British military; brought about decline of Spanish empire

A

Spanish Armada

27
Q

King Charles II established this as a Royal Colony; economically dependent on Massachusetts

A

New Hampshire

28
Q

Preacher of the Great Awakening who emphasized personal religious experience, and dependance of man upon God and divine grace; “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”

A

Jonathan Edwards

29
Q

Guaranteed religious freedom to all Christians in Maryland

A

Maryland Act of Toleration

30
Q

Effects of the Navigation Act

A

Boosted prosperity of New Englanders, hurts residents of Chesapeake; transferred wealth from America to Britain by increasing prices for British products in America and lowering prices of American products in Britain
Helped bring on series of wars between Britain and Holland

31
Q

James Oglethorpe chartered this colony; settlers included those who paid their own way to receive the best land grants

A

Georgia

32
Q

King Charles II rewarded loyal noblemen with these lands after the twenty-year Puritan revolution in England

A

The Carolinas

33
Q

Founded Pennsylvania as refuge for fellow Quakers; guaranteed a representative assembly and full religious freedom as settlers flocked from all over Europe

A

William Penn

34
Q

Commitment between Spain and Portugal; created a “Papal Line of Demarcation” which divided the New World– east of the line for Portugal and west of it for Spain

A

Treaty of Tordesillas

35
Q

Spain’s tightly controlled empire in the New World; used encomiendas as slaves to deal with labor shortages; death of those encomiendas began importing African slaves

A

New Spain

36
Q

System used by the Virginia Company to attract colonists; promised parcels of land to emigrate to America, about 50 acres

A

Headright System

37
Q

James I granted charters for colonies; settled by Virginia Company in 1607; Saved by leadership of John Smith

A

Jamestown

38
Q

Was a major english political philosopher of the Enlightenment; followed Isaac Newton in the Natural Law, “rights of life, liberty, and property” inherently by human nature

A

John Locke and Natural Law

39
Q

Representative assembly in Virginia; first representative house in America; instituted private ownership of land and maintained rights of colonists

A

House of Burgesses

40
Q

English colonist from Jamestown; married Pocahontas; created process of curing tobacco

A

John Rolfe

41
Q

Slavery in the 1600s

A

Slaves only a small percent of population, began at almost same level of indentured servants; increased importation and population of African-Americans in southern colonies

42
Q

After British conquered the Dutch lands in America, King Charles II gave the title to the lands to his bother, James, Duke of York

A

New York and New Jersey

43
Q

Delegates of seven colonies met in New York to discuss plans for collective defense; Ben Franklin proposes a rejected plan of intercolonial govt.; important precedent for the concept of uniting in the face of a common enemy

A

Albany Plan

44
Q

Thomas Hooker led a large group of Puritans to settle in the Connecticut River Valley as they had slight religious disagreements with the leadership of Massachusetts

A

Connecticut

45
Q

The 3 types of colonies

A
  1. Charter colony - colonists members of a corporation
  2. Royal colony - had a governor selected by England’s king
  3. Proprietary colonies - owned by an individual with direct responsibility to the king
46
Q

Decision by Puritan colony churches to allow the grandchildren of those who had the personal experience of conversion to participate in select church affairs

A

Half-Way Covenant

47
Q

Italian-born navigator; unknowingly landed in the Americas as he sailed west to find a water route to Asia; returned with Gold to encourage future exploration

A

Christopher Columbus

48
Q

Describes a period in the 1600s when many colonists died and others considered returning to England

A

“Starving Time”

49
Q

Joint-stock company that ran colonies in Fort Orange and New Amsterdam, later becoming New York; carried profitable fur trade with Native Iroquois

A

Dutch West India Company

50
Q

French Protestants (Huguenots) trespass in Spanish territory, Florida, and were massacred here by Spanish force; considered first permanent European settlement

A

St. Augustine, Florida

U.S. History (10 decks)

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