201-250

Question 1

Laws separating whites and African-Americans in public facilities and restricting their legal guarantees, such as right to vote; support for these laws provided in Plessy v. Ferguson case, demonstrating limits of 14th amendment

Answer 1

Jim Crow Laws (1880s-1900s)

Question 2

Introduced by Stephen Douglas to organize area west of Missouri and Iowa; goal was to facilitate building of transcontinental RR; called for both of these territories to be created and issue of slavery decided by pop so; Nebraska becomes free; Kansas has disputes over decision, becomes “Bleeding Kansas”

Answer 2

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Question 3

Brown and his sons killed five pro-slavery settlers in Kansas in the “Pottawatamie Creek Massacre”; led followers to seize a federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, hoping to start the rebellion (1859)

Answer 3

John Brown

Question 4

Transportation from 1860-1900

Answer 4

RR transportation provided opportunities for movement of goods and people to the West and raw materials to the East; made Chicago one most most populous cities in nation

Question 5

Civil War Advantages in the North

Answer 5

Greater population; better RR lines and more established trade routes; more wealth; used moral issue of fighting slavery as motivation

Question 6

Derogatory name for Southerners working for or supporting the federal govt during reconstruction; became a target for the KKK

Answer 6

Scalawags

Question 7

Stockholders of the Union Pacific RR created dummy company, Credit Mobilier; was supposed to complete the transcontinental RR, but actually stole millions of dollars from govt.; blame fell on Grant and his cabinet

Answer 7

Credit Mobilier Scandal (1867-1872)

Question 8

Worked with Grimke sisters, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and other to pursue activist goals; early feminist movement and author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin which turned many toward opposition of slavery

Answer 8

Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811-1896)

Question 9

Causes of the Panic of 1857

Answer 9

Failure of Ohio Life Insurance and Trust Co. in NY; overspeculation of RR and lands; decrease of European capital due to their own wars

Question 10

Northern Election of 1864

Answer 10

Lincoln ran against General McClellan, who claimed that the war was a failure and called for a peace settlement; Lincoln ran for national Unity with Andrew Johnson; those sympathetic to Southern cause were “Copperheads”

Question 11

Transcendental writer; Walden preached non-violent civil disobedience; protested unjust laws, slavery, and Mexican War; refused to pay his poll-tax and forced to spend one night in jail

Answer 11

Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862)

Question 12

A proposal to reunite the country by Senators Wade and Davis; required 50% of states white male voters to take a loyalty oath to be readmitted to the Union; Lincoln pocket-vetoed the bill in favor for his 10% plan

Answer 12

Wade-Davis Bill (1864)

Question 13

Civil War Advantages in the South

Answer 13

Only needed to resist being conquered; vast in land size; troops would fight in familiar territory; highly qualified senior officers (Robert E. Lee, Stonewall Jackson); Inspired to protect familiar institutions and culture

Question 14

Derogatory Southern name for Northerners who came to the South to participate in Reconstruction govts.; response led to Southern whites organization of KKK

Answer 14

Carpetbaggers

Question 15

Eighteenth President; fought in Mexican War, captured Vicksburg, and accepted General Lee’s surrender; won election through support of Radical Republicans; administration was marred by scandals (Credit Mobilier and Whiskey Ring)

Answer 15

Ulysses S. Grant (1869-1877)

Question 16

Seventeenth president; took Lincoln’s place after his death; initially followed Lincoln’s ideas but gradually became more conservative; veto of Civil Rights Act was override by Congress

Answer 16

Andrew Johnson (1865-1869)

Question 17

Response to the election of Abraham Lincoln, who sought to contain slavery; SC was first to secede; the Confederacy declared Jefferson Davis their president and adopted their own constitution

Answer 17

Secede (Beginning December 1860)

Question 18

Allowed southerners to take an oath promising future loyalty to the Union and end slavery; Lincoln wanted this to restore Union quickly and easily; once ten percent of those registered to vote would take oath, a loyal state government could be formed

Answer 18

Lincoln’s 10% Plan (1863)

Question 19

Civil War strategy planned by Northern General Winfield Scott to crush southern rebellion; called for Naval Blockade, campaign to take Miss. R.; was successful

Answer 19

Anaconda Plan (1861)

Question 20

General Sherman led Union troops through Georgia; Sherman and Grant believed “total war” would break Southern psychological capacity to fight, sought to eliminate support of southern troops; captured and burned Atlanta in 1864, then to Savannah then to S and NC

Answer 20

Sherman’s March to the Sea (1864)

Question 21

Celebrated the importance of individualism and is considered the poet of American democracy

Answer 21

Walt Whitman

Question 22

Creation of Lincoln’s Republican Party

Answer 22

Democratic Party divided along the North-South lines; whig party disintegrated, members join No-Nothings or Repubs
Unifying principle was banning of slavery

Question 23

Document submitted by pro-slavery leaders that put no restrictions on slavery; Free-Soilers boycotted the convention because this would not leave Kansas a free territory; was turned-down

Answer 23

Lecompton Constitution (1857)

Question 24

Fourteenth president; signed Kansas-Nebraska act and Treaty of Kanagawa; opened Canada to more trade

Answer 24

Franklin Pierce (1852-1856)

Question 25

Dred Scott resides in a free state, gets returned to slavery, and sues for his freedom; ruled that the Missouri Compromise itself was unconstitutional because congress could not prohibit slavery in the territories; blacks are lesser without rights

Answer 25

Dred Scott v. Sandford (Dred Scott Decision, 1857)

Question 26

Declared all slaves to be free in areas under rebel control, thus exempting conquered areas of the south; Lincoln was criticized for not abolishing slavery everywhere; led slaves in the South to leave their plantations

Answer 26

Emancipation Proclamation

Question 27

Fifteenth President; presided when Dred Scott decision was announced; appointed Northerners to federal posts and helped prepare Fort Sumter

Answer 27

James Buchanan (1857-1861)

Question 28

Congress passes a federal conscription law in 1863, rioting takes place in NY when drafted individuals can pay $300 to avoid service
Also occurs in South

Answer 28

Civil War Conscription

Question 29

13th amendment- Abolished slavery
14th- Blacks become citizens and no state could deny life, liberty, or property
15th- No state could deny the right to vote on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude

Answer 29

Civil War Amendments (1865-1870)

Question 30

Senator dubbed the “little giant”, broke Compromise of 1850 into smaller, more acceptable pieces of legislation, believed in pop. sov. was appropriate way to handle slavery; introduced Kansas-Nebraska Act

Answer 30

Stephen Douglas (1813-1861)

Question 31

Lincoln-Douglas Debate (1858)

Answer 31

Douglas “Freeport Doctrine”–slavery could be prevented by the refusal of the people living in a territory to pass laws favorable to slavery
Lincoln had moral opposition to slavery’s spread

Question 32

Restrictions by Southern states on former slaves; prevent meetings without white present, while others established segregated public facilities; led to radical republican opposition and exclusion of Southern Representation in Congress

Answer 32

Black Codes (1865)

Question 33

Faction of the Republican Party that believed Civil War was meant to stop slavery and emancipate all slaves; believed Congress should manage Reconstruction, not president; wanted the South to be dealt with in a harsh manner

Answer 33

Radical Republicans

Question 34

Proposed by Henry Clay and Stephen Douglas to assure passage by both Northerners and Southerners; led to sectional harmony for several years, California admitted as free state, other states decided by pop sov

Answer 34

Compromise of 1850

Question 35

Sixteenth President; suspended habeas corpus, issued Emancipation Proclamation, freeing slaves; developed “10% plan” for construction

Answer 35

Abraham Lincoln (1861-1865)

Question 36

Drafted by after Soule failed to purchase Cuba from Spain, suggested that US should take Cuba if Spain refused to sell it; seen as plot to extend slavery

Answer 36

Ostend Manifesto (1854)

Question 37

Evolution of the Major Political Parties to pre-Civil War

Answer 37

Parties: Federalists and Anti-Federalists-disagreed about power and influence of central govt
Evolutionary point: After Constitution adoption, Jeffersonian Repubs absorbed the Anti-Feds
Key moment: Disagreement of John Q. Adams over Andrew Jackson
Parties: Whig Party and Demo-Repub
Evolutionary point: after death of Whig Prez (William Harrison) issues became more about sectional unrest

Question 38

The South, 1850

Answer 38

Plantation system, cash crops; population less dense; cotton becomes largest export in US, gaining influence of Gulf States
Slave importation continued thru 1850 despite federal outlaw

Question 39

Son of a slave and white man, helped organize a school for Blacks in Tuskegee, Alabama; emphasized industrial training to help African-Americans gather wealth and become influential in society

Answer 39

Booker T. Washington

Question 40

Civi War Ships

Answer 40

Ironclads protected from cannon fire by iron plates bolted over the sloping wooden sides; Confederate “Merrimack” fought the Union’s “Monitor” to a standstill

Question 41

Granted 160 acres of Govt. land to any person who would farm it for at least 5 years; helped settle West

Answer 41

Homestead Act (1862)

Question 42

Conclusion of the Civil War

Answer 42

With his forces surrounded, Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia; Lee’s surrender causes remaining confederate soldiers to lay down their arms; finishes War with 600,000 casualties

Question 43

Derisive title of Sec. of State’s decision to purchase Alaska for $7.2 million from Russia; many Americans believed this to be a mistake given the land’s remoteness

Answer 43

“Seward’s Folly” (1867)

Question 44

Part of Comp. of 1850, reinvigorated enforcement of some guidelines already established in 1793; created federal commission for returning runaway slaves

Answer 44

Fugitive Slave Act (1850)

Question 45

Lee invades Pennsylvania, was defeated and retreated into Virginia; bloodiest BATTLE of the Civil War

Answer 45

Battle of Gettysburg (1863)

Question 46

Thirteenth president; know-nothing party (nativists) anti-immigrant and anti-catholic

Answer 46

Millard Fillmore (1850-1853)

Question 47

The North, 1850

Answer 47

Wages increasing and economy growing; railroad competition harms canal business; large number of Irish and German immigrants; increase of urbanization, bringing problems of slums, impure water, rats, foul sewage

Question 48

Congressional support agency providing food, clothing, and education for freed slaves; Ex-slave states were divided into districts that were managed by assistant commissioners; failed to establish freed slaves as landowners

Answer 48

Freedman’s Bureau (1865)

Question 49

General George McClellan attempts to defeat Lee and shorten the war, but fails; McClellan had Lee’s plans but ignored opportunity due to overcautiousness; Lee’s army retreats and Lincoln removes McClellan

Answer 49

Battle of Antietam (1862)

Question 50

Election of 1860

Answer 50

Republicans nominate Abraham Lincoln-containment of slavery and encouragement of transcontinental RR
Democratic was split between Douglas and several other strong candidates
Lincoln won, leading to southern secession