30 Brain & Behavior VII Flashcards
What does dmg to the PREFRONTAL CORTEX cause?
- Impaired RESPONSE INHIBITION
- impaired PLANNING -uninvolved, depressed
- “Psychopathic”
What can TEMPORARILY affect prefrontal cortex function?
Alcohol = change behavior/personality transiently
In the 1940-50s, how did people treat “psychopathic” people?
Prefrontal LOBOTOMY
Problems with prefrontal lobotomy?
Disconnected prefrontal areas = used INDISCRIMINATELY (eg. given to children for bed wetting) = cognitive DISABILITIES
How did prefrontal LOBOTOMIES affect the patients?
VIOLENT people became DOCILE, with cognitive DISABILITIES
Instead of lobotomies, what have we shifted towards as treatment?
DRUGS like Thorazine
What are MOVEMENT disorders called?
Apraxia
Apraxia arises from dmg in what LOBE?
FRONTAL lobe (motor areas)
Symptoms of APRAXIA
*Serious impairments in VOLUNTARY movements *Can’t perform FAMILIAR ACTIONS (eg. salute, piano) *Actions FRAGMENTED and disorganised
What are LANGUAGE disorders called?
Aphasias
Aphasia results from dmg to what brain areas?
LEFT-hemisphere (Brocas + Wernickes)
Why are aphasias common upon BF constriction in the brain?
MCA (Middle-Cerebral Artery) runs close to LANGUAGE AREAS
2 language areas in the LEFT hemisphere
Brocas - speech production, syntax
Wernicke’s - comprehension
What CONNECTS the Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas?
Arcuate fasciculus
What brain area is in charge of READING
Angular gyrus
What is Neglect Syndrome?
What causes it?
RIGHT PARIETAL dmg
=neglect LEFT side of body/space
(can be visual, tactual, auditory)
Neglect syndrome is AKA
Hemi-inattention
(refuse to pay attention to LHS)
Is Neglect syndrome SOLELY a physical brain dmg component?
What else is involved?
Emotional component
= DENIAL of any deficit (anosognosia)
(create excuses for neglect of LHS)
Does RIGHT neglect syndrome occur?
Yes, but usually transient
Why is neglect asymmetrical?
Why is RHS parietal dmg WORSE than LHS dmg?
RIGHT parietal controls ATTENTION to BOTH sides of space
LEFT parietal controls attention to RIGHT side ONLY
= CONTRALATERAL, asymmetrical control of ATTENTION
The RIGHT hemisphere is dominant for what processes?
Also list the DISORDERS for when these brain areas are damaged.
- Spatial attention = neglect syndrome
- Music = Amusia (monotonous speech)
- Facial recognition = Prosopagnosia
- Recognise natural objecs = Agnosia
The LEFT hemisphere is dominant for what processes?
Also list the DISORDERS for when these brain areas are damaged.
- Language = Aphasia
- Voluntary action = Ataxia/Apraxia
- Recognition of MAN-MADE objects = Agnosia
- Handedness
