30 Brain & Behavior VII

Question 1

What does dmg to the PREFRONTAL CORTEX cause?

Answer 1

• Impaired RESPONSE INHIBITION
• impaired PLANNING -uninvolved, depressed
• “Psychopathic”

Question 2

What can TEMPORARILY affect prefrontal cortex function?

Answer 2

Alcohol = change behavior/personality transiently

Question 3

In the 1940-50s, how did people treat “psychopathic” people?

Answer 3

Prefrontal LOBOTOMY

Question 4

Problems with prefrontal lobotomy?

Answer 4

Disconnected prefrontal areas = used INDISCRIMINATELY (eg. given to children for bed wetting) = cognitive DISABILITIES

Question 5

How did prefrontal LOBOTOMIES affect the patients?

Answer 5

VIOLENT people became DOCILE, with cognitive DISABILITIES

Question 6

Instead of lobotomies, what have we shifted towards as treatment?

Answer 6

DRUGS like Thorazine

Question 7

What are MOVEMENT disorders called?

Answer 7

Apraxia

Question 8

Apraxia arises from dmg in what LOBE?

Answer 8

FRONTAL lobe (motor areas)

Question 9

Symptoms of APRAXIA

Answer 9

*Serious impairments in VOLUNTARY movements *Can’t perform FAMILIAR ACTIONS (eg. salute, piano) *Actions FRAGMENTED and disorganised

Question 10

What are LANGUAGE disorders called?

Answer 10

Aphasias

Question 11

Aphasia results from dmg to what brain areas?

Answer 11

LEFT-hemisphere (Brocas + Wernickes)

Question 12

Why are aphasias common upon BF constriction in the brain?

Answer 12

MCA (Middle-Cerebral Artery) runs close to LANGUAGE AREAS

Question 13

2 language areas in the LEFT hemisphere

Answer 13

Brocas - speech production, syntax

Wernicke’s - comprehension

Question 14

What CONNECTS the Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas?

Answer 14

Arcuate fasciculus

Question 15

What brain area is in charge of READING

Answer 15

Angular gyrus

Question 16

What is Neglect Syndrome?

What causes it?

Answer 16

RIGHT PARIETAL dmg

=neglect LEFT side of body/space

(can be visual, tactual, auditory)

Question 17

Neglect syndrome is AKA

Answer 17

Hemi-inattention

(refuse to pay attention to LHS)

Question 18

Is Neglect syndrome SOLELY a physical brain dmg component?

What else is involved?

Answer 18

Emotional component

= DENIAL of any deficit (anosognosia)

(create excuses for neglect of LHS)

Question 19

Does RIGHT neglect syndrome occur?

Answer 19

Yes, but usually transient

Question 20

Why is neglect asymmetrical?

Why is RHS parietal dmg WORSE than LHS dmg?

Answer 20

RIGHT parietal controls ATTENTION to BOTH sides of space

LEFT parietal controls attention to RIGHT side ONLY

= CONTRALATERAL, asymmetrical control of ATTENTION

Question 21

The RIGHT hemisphere is dominant for what processes?

Also list the DISORDERS for when these brain areas are damaged.

Answer 21

• Spatial attention = neglect syndrome
• Music = Amusia (monotonous speech)
• Facial recognition = Prosopagnosia
• Recognise natural objecs = Agnosia

Question 22

The LEFT​ hemisphere is dominant for what processes?

Also list the DISORDERS for when these brain areas are damaged.

Answer 22

• Language = Aphasia
• Voluntary action = Ataxia/Apraxia
• Recognition of MAN-MADE objects = Agnosia
• Handedness