27 Brain & Behavior IV

Question 1

3 parts of the HINDBRAIN?

Answer 1

PMC
Pons
Medulla
Cerebellum

Question 2

Functions of PONS

Answer 2

• AROUSAL - awareness, consciousness
• Relay station between cerebellum + cerebrum
• Respiration
• Sleep + dreaming

Question 3

Functions of Medulla

Answer 3

Automatic “life-support”
=HR, BP, respiration rate
=REFLEXES (vomiting, defecating, swallowing)
=crawling/swimming in simple animals

Question 4

Functions of cerebellum?

Answer 4

• Prioperception
• Posture/balance
• Eye movements to compensate for HEAD movements
• Receiving information from FRONTAL lobe
• Sequencing precise movements

Question 5

What happens to posture/balance upon cerebella DMG

Answer 5

Wide stance

Staggering gait

Question 6

What types of INJURY can affect cerebellar function

Answer 6

Trauma
Disease
Alcohol

Question 7

What happens to PRECISE movement upon cerebella DMG

Answer 7

TREMORS

Can’t do rapidly ALTERNATING movements

Question 8

Function of MIDBRAIN

Answer 8

• Receives BASIC auditory + visual stimuli
• Species-specific behaviors - SEX + FIGHTING

= instinctive

Question 9

3 layers of the meninges?

Answer 9

Dura
Arachnoid
Pia

Question 10

The forebrain makes up what VOLUME of the brain?

Answer 10

80%

Question 11

What distinguishes PRIMATES from other mammals

Answer 11

Large forebrain

Question 12

How thick is the cortex?

Answer 12

2-3mm

Question 13

How does the cortex/brain FIT INTO the skull

Answer 13

Convolutions

Question 14

Names given to the different parts of a CONVOLUTION

Answer 14

Gyrus = ridge
Sulcus = groove

Question 15

4 parts of the SUBcortical FOREBRAIN

Answer 15

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Limbic system
Basal ganglia

Question 16

Function of THALAMUS

Answer 16

Receive + simple analysis of SENSORY information

Question 17

Function of hypothalamus

Answer 17

HOMEOSTASIS

• eating, drinking, body temp, sex
• regulates AUTONOMIC nervous system

Question 18

Components of the LIMBIC system?

Answer 18

Hippocampus

Amygdala

Question 19

Damage to the limbic system causes what disorder

Answer 19

Capgras Syndrome
= belief that familiar people are IMOPSTERS
= disconnection between FUSIFORM gyrus + EMOTIONAL response

Question 20

Function of BASAL ganglia

Answer 20

SMOOTHING movement

Question 21

Damage to the basal ganglia can cause 5 disorders

Answer 21

PFTTC
Parkinson’s
Foreign Accent Syndrome
Tourettes
Tardive Dyskinesia
Cerebral Palsy

Question 22

Describe Parkinsons

Answer 22

Jerky movements

Loss of voluntary control

Question 23

Describe Tourettes

Answer 23

Uncontrolled (facial) muscle TWITCHES

Question 24

Describe Tardive Dyskinesia

Answer 24

DEC smoothing of movement

Question 25

What causes cerebral palsy

Answer 25

HYPOXIA during birthing = movement disorders

Question 26

Name the 4 lobes of the cortex

Answer 26

Occipital Parietal Temporal Frontal

Question 27

What is a KEY area of the occipital lobe

Answer 27

Primary VISUAL cortex (V1) | Receives input from eyes via THALAMUS

Question 28

What is a KEY area of the PARIETAL lobe

Answer 28

Primary SOMATOSENSORY cortex = POSTcentral gyrus * receives sensory info * CONTRALATERAL control

Question 29

Explain what the HOMUNCULUS shows

Answer 29

SENSITIVE areas = LARGER cortex allocated

Question 30

In what orientation is the homunculus mapped?

Answer 30

Upside-DOWN

Question 31

What is a KEY area of the TEMPORAL lobe

Answer 31

Primary AUDITORY cortex

Question 32

What is a KEY area of the FRONTAL lobe

Answer 32

Primary MOTOR cortex = PREcentral gyrus

Question 33

Areas of the body are mapped to _________ aresa in the primary motor cortex

Answer 33

Brodmann’s areas

Question 34

Function of PRIMARY areas

Answer 34

``` Basic INPUT (sensory) and OUTPUT (motor) = very SPECIFIC mapping ```

Question 35

Function of ASSOCIATION areas

Answer 35

= higher functions | = COMPLEX pathways