27 Brain & Behavior IV Flashcards
3 parts of the HINDBRAIN?
PMC
Pons
Medulla
Cerebellum
Functions of PONS
- AROUSAL - awareness, consciousness
- Relay station between cerebellum + cerebrum
- Respiration
- Sleep + dreaming
Functions of Medulla
Automatic “life-support”
=HR, BP, respiration rate
=REFLEXES (vomiting, defecating, swallowing)
=crawling/swimming in simple animals
Functions of cerebellum?
- Prioperception
- Posture/balance
- Eye movements to compensate for HEAD movements
- Receiving information from FRONTAL lobe
- Sequencing precise movements
What happens to posture/balance upon cerebella DMG
Wide stance
Staggering gait
What types of INJURY can affect cerebellar function
Trauma
Disease
Alcohol
What happens to PRECISE movement upon cerebella DMG
TREMORS
Can’t do rapidly ALTERNATING movements
Function of MIDBRAIN
- Receives BASIC auditory + visual stimuli
- Species-specific behaviors - SEX + FIGHTING
= instinctive
3 layers of the meninges?
Dura
Arachnoid
Pia
The forebrain makes up what VOLUME of the brain?
80%
What distinguishes PRIMATES from other mammals
Large forebrain
How thick is the cortex?
2-3mm
How does the cortex/brain FIT INTO the skull
Convolutions
Names given to the different parts of a CONVOLUTION
Gyrus = ridge Sulcus = groove
4 parts of the SUBcortical FOREBRAIN
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Limbic system
Basal ganglia
Function of THALAMUS
Receive + simple analysis of SENSORY information
Function of hypothalamus
HOMEOSTASIS
- eating, drinking, body temp, sex
- regulates AUTONOMIC nervous system
Components of the LIMBIC system?
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Damage to the limbic system causes what disorder
Capgras Syndrome
= belief that familiar people are IMOPSTERS
= disconnection between FUSIFORM gyrus + EMOTIONAL response
Function of BASAL ganglia
SMOOTHING movement
Damage to the basal ganglia can cause 5 disorders
PFTTC Parkinson’s Foreign Accent Syndrome Tourettes Tardive Dyskinesia Cerebral Palsy
Describe Parkinsons
Jerky movements
Loss of voluntary control
Describe Tourettes
Uncontrolled (facial) muscle TWITCHES
Describe Tardive Dyskinesia
DEC smoothing of movement
What causes cerebral palsy
HYPOXIA during birthing = movement disorders
Name the 4 lobes of the cortex
Occipital
Parietal
Temporal
Frontal
What is a KEY area of the occipital lobe
Primary VISUAL cortex (V1)
Receives input from eyes via THALAMUS
What is a KEY area of the PARIETAL lobe
Primary SOMATOSENSORY cortex = POSTcentral gyrus
- receives sensory info
- CONTRALATERAL control
Explain what the HOMUNCULUS shows
SENSITIVE areas = LARGER cortex allocated
In what orientation is the homunculus mapped?
Upside-DOWN
What is a KEY area of the TEMPORAL lobe
Primary AUDITORY cortex
What is a KEY area of the FRONTAL lobe
Primary MOTOR cortex = PREcentral gyrus
Areas of the body are mapped to _________ aresa in the primary motor cortex
Brodmann’s areas
Function of PRIMARY areas
Basic INPUT (sensory) and OUTPUT (motor) = very SPECIFIC mapping
Function of ASSOCIATION areas
= higher functions
= COMPLEX pathways
