(3) The State of The Church and Belief by 1547 (foreign policy)

Question 1

Conservatives vs Reformists

Answer 1

Conservatives feared the influence Catherine Parr and Cranmer possessed

They tried to link the two to known heretic Anne Askew

Conservatives insisted a investigation should be conducted into Cranmer so H appointed him to head his own investigation and also gave him a ring to show his confidence in him + if ever he found himself in the threat he was to send the ring to Henry

Question 2

France and Scotland

Answer 2

Henry was still keen to gain French land but Auld alliance meant if he attacked he was vulnerable to Scotland

He wanted James V to break from Rome as well - James was H’s nephew but never gave H much respect + helped PoG rebels + never turned up to 1541 York meeting

1542 Norfolk pillaged some Scottish Land - Scot Retaliation was 20,000 men to Solway Moss (English one a decisive battle here)

Question 3

Scotland

Answer 3

After Solway Moss James died and his two week old daughter next in line

The regent was pro-English so Edward+Mary(baby girl) marriage possible

1543 Treaty of Greenwich secured marriage but by 1544 Auld Alliance reinstated and treaty repudiated

Question 4

French invasion

Answer 4

1544 H finally attacked after Valois-Habsburg alliance broke down

1543 treaty with Charles agreed to joint attack but Charles had no real intention of a proper attack and H’s 48,000 men moved at H’s speed

H instead wanted a quick win so attacked Boulogne - Charles v.angry he gave up joint attack signed peace with Francis

Free of joint attack France retaliated by invading Isle of Wight (Mary Rose dunk)

Treaty of Camp signed 1546 (Boulogne for 8 years and restart of french pension payments - overall big mistake) cost=£2.2m pension=£200k

Question 5

Boulogne and factions

Answer 5

Earl of Surrey (Norfolk’s heir) was made Captain of Boulogne and lead an attack on a french fortress

1546 part of his army deserted and he could only save himself - H found out and the reformers successfully got Edward Seymour to replace Surrey due to his success in Scotland

1546 Surrey produced a new coat of arms claiming linkage to Edward the Confessor - reformers attacked and Surrey+Norfolk went to the tower only H’s d prevented Norfolk’s death but Surrey was executed for treason

Question 6

Edward

Answer 6

Edward Seymour (brother-in-law to H and Edwards uncle) was to make decisions on Edwards behalf until he was 16

Question 7

Gardiner

Answer 7

Gardiner was left out of the Council who were to act on Edwards behalf

This was due to land H claimed but Gardiner would not give up - shows he was in charge of factional disputes (he told Denny that only he, Henry, could control Gardiner