3: Name that Hormone

Question 1

Responsible for regulating gynecologic organ activities.

Answer 1

1. FSH
2. LH (Both gonadotropins)

Question 2

In the absence of pregnancy, progestin levels decline. This allows an increase in what?

Answer 2

• GnRH pulses.
• They return to the frequency associated with the beginning of the follicular phase and a new cycle begins.

Question 3

A decrease in this promotes a more androgenic microenvironment within adjacent follicles.

Answer 3

FSH

Question 4

Influences the proliferative phase.

Answer 4

Estrogen

Question 5

GnRH secretion is modulated by the feedback effects of these 2 hormones.

Answer 5

1. Estrogen
2. Progesterone

Question 6

Targets the ovaries, where it stimulates the growth and development of the primary follicles.

Answer 6

FSH

Question 7

The corpus luteum secretes this hormone.

Answer 7

Progesterone

Question 8

The decrease in estrogen production by the corpus luteum and the dramatic fall of inhibin levels allow levels of this hormone to rise during the last few days of the menstrual cycle.

Answer 8

FSH

Question 9

Along with estrogen, it plays a role in declined FSH levels during the follicular phase.

Answer 9

Inhibin

Question 10

Estrogen’s positive feedback effect on the pituitary causes a surge in these 2 hormones.

Answer 10

1. LH
2. FSH

Question 11

Increased levels of this hormone promote stromal vascularization and edema and relax the myometrial fibers that supply the cervix. Activated collagenase causes the tightly bound collagen bundles to form a loose matrix, triggering the cervix to become softer a few days prior to and at ovulation.

Answer 11

Estrogen

Question 12

High levels of these 2 hormones cause the synthesis of prostaglandins and proteolytic enzymes such as collagenase and plasmin during the ovulatory phase.

Answer 12

1. LH
2. Progesterone

Question 13

In response to the dominant follicle’s combined production of estrogen and FSH, receptors for this hormone develop on its outermost granulosa layers.

Answer 13

LH

Question 14

Causes vaginal cells to become folded and clumped, appearing flatter under a microscope.

Answer 14

Progesterone

Question 15

Inhibits the peristaltic activity of the fallopian tube smooth muscle.

Answer 15

Progesterone

Question 16

It is responsible for preparing the mammary gland for lactation and brings about the synthesis of milk.

Answer 16

Prolactin

Question 17

Cyclic changes in the endometrium, myometrium, and ovaries are caused by these 2 hormones.

Answer 17

1. Gonadotropin
2. Estrogen

Question 18

Stimulates epithelial cell activity, resulting in increased cilia movement and secretions in the uterine tubes.

Answer 18

Estrogen

Question 19

It is responsible for ovulation, corpus luteum formation, and hormone production in the ovaries.

Answer 19

LH

Question 20

This surge begins 34-36 hours prior to ovulation. Peak occurs 10-12 prior to ovulation.

Answer 20

LH

Question 21

Governed by a negative feedback mechanism involving steroids.

Answer 21

FSH

Question 22

This is present in the follicular fluid and suppresses the final maturation of the dominant follicle until the time of ovulation. Its effects end hours before the LH surge that causes ovulation

Answer 22

Oocyte maturation inhibitor (OMI)

Question 23

This stimulates the release of LH and FSH from the pituitary.

Answer 23

GnRH

Question 24

Approximately 2 days after the start of menstruation, this hormone stimulates the regeneration of the surface endometrial epithelium, while concurrent simultaneous endometrial shedding is occurring.

Answer 24

Estrogen

Question 25

This hormone causes the cervical muscle to retract, the collagen matrix to tighten, and the cervix to become firmer.

Answer 25

Progesterone

Question 26

This causes the ruptured follicle to become the corpus luteum.

Answer 26

LH

Question 27

Stimulates the growth of lactobacilli in the vagina.

Answer 27

Estrogen

Question 28

As the amount of estrogen in the circulation increases and reaches the pituitary gland, it affects the amount of _____ and _____ secreted, albeit without significantly affecting the pulse frequency (negative feedback).

Answer 28

As the amount of estrogen in the circulation increases and reaches the pituitary gland, it affects the amount of FSH and LH secreted, albeit without significantly affecting the pulse frequency (negative feedback).

Question 29

Results in the production of estrogen and progesterone.

Answer 29

FSH

Question 30

Secreted by granulosa and theca cells of the developing follicle.

Answer 30

Inhibin

Question 31

A cohort of primary follicles is recruited on days 1-4 because of an increase in this hormone.

Answer 31

FSH

Question 32

When levels of this hormone become high enough, it causes a midcycle positive feedback effect on the pituitary.

Answer 32

Estrogen

Question 33

Enhances the positive feedback effect of estrogen on the LH surge and is responsible for promoting enzyme activity in the follicular fluid capable of digesting the follicle wall.

Answer 33

Progesterone

Question 34

Stimulates luteinization of the granulosa cells as well as synthesis of progesterone during ovulatory phase.

Answer 34

LH surge

Question 35

In particular, the monthly rhythmic functioning of the menstrual cycle depends on the changing concentrations of these hormones.

Answer 35

Gonadotropic hormones:

1. LH
2. FSH

Question 36

These 2 hormones stimulate secretion of estrogen and progesterone.

Answer 36

1. LH
2. FSH

Question 37

Targets the developing follicle within the ovary.

Answer 37

LH