1: Noncontraceptive Benefits

Question 1

• There is a decreased risk of ovarian cancer.
• Lower risk of PID.

Answer 1

Female Sterilization

Question 2

It is theoretically plausible that the noncontraceptive benefits of COCs may be realized with these methods as well.

Answer 2

1. Patch
2. Vaginal Ring

Question 3

• Protection from STIs.
• Do not appear to offer protection against human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.
• Use is associated with higher rates of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia regression and cervical HPV infection clearance.

Answer 3

Male Condoms

Question 4

• Menstrual flow is reduced by as much as 90%. FDA approved to treat heavy menstrual bleeding.
• Can be used to treat idiopathic menorrhagia as well as heavy menstrual bleeding associated with perimenopause, uterine fibroids, and adenomyosis.
• May also be useful in the treatment of endometrial hyperplasia, endometriosis, and dysmenorrhea.
• Reduced risks of endometrial cancer and cervical cancer.
• Protects the endometrium.
• Can be used in a women’s late reproductive years and then left in place through the transition to menopause.

Answer 4

Progestin / Levonorgestrel IUDs (Mirena, Skyla, Liletta)

Question 5

• Decreased risk of ovarian, endometrial, and breast cancers.
• Numerous benefits for infant health.

Answer 5

Lactational Amenorrhea (Breastfeeding)

Question 6

• Likely to improve menstrual symptoms, including dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, premenstrual syndrome, and anemia.
• The thickening of cervical mucus seen with progestin methods is protective against PID.
• Reduction in seizures and sickle-cell crises.
• Not affected by any medications except aminoglutethimide, which is used to treat Cushing’s disease.

Answer 6

Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate injection (DMPA or Depo-Provera)

Question 7

Can be used as emergency contraception and then left in place for birth control.

Answer 7

Copper IUD (T380A, Paragard)

Question 8

• Future fertility may be preserved through the decreased risk of pelvic inflammatory disease and ectopic pregnancy.
• Decreased risk of several cancers (colon, ovarian, and endometrial).
• Decreased risk of the serious diseases of endometriosis, adenomyosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and asthma.
• Protection against ovarian and uterine cancer may persist as long as 28 years after discontinuation of use of these methods.
• The preservation of bone density that occurs in ever-users may persist up to age 80.
• No increased risk of breast cancer.
• Improvement in acne and hirsutism, and reduced incidence of benign breast conditions.
• Regular periods, lighter periods (decrease anemia), decreases in mittelschmerz, dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, premenstrual symptoms, and the vasomotor symptoms of perimenopause.

Answer 8

COCs

Question 9

Has possible or theoretical value in protecting the cervix from infection (the only barrier methods known to reduce STIs are male and female condoms).

Answer 9

1. Diaphragms
2. Cervical Caps

Question 10

• Likely to improve menstrual symptoms, including dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, premenstrual syndrome, and anemia.
• The thickening of cervical mucus seen with progestin methods is protective against PID.

Answer 10

POPs

Question 11

It can also be used to conceive when couples decide they want children.

Answer 11

Fertility Awareness Based (FAB)

Question 12

• Likely to improve menstrual symptoms, including dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, premenstrual syndrome, and anemia.
• The thickening of cervical mucus seen with progestin methods is protective against PID.
• Can decrease dysmenorrhea and endometriosis symptoms.

Answer 12

Subdermal Implant (Implanon, Nexplanon [newer])